A11|A11 - Role of Economics; Role of Economists; Market for Economists A12|A12 - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines A13|A13 - Relation of Economics to Social Values A14|A14 - Sociology of Economics A1|A1 - General Economics A2|A2 - Economic Education and Teaching of Economics A31|A31 - Collected Writings of Individuals A32|A32 - Collective Volumes A3|A3 - Collective Works A|A - General Economics and Teaching B11|B11 - Preclassical (Ancient, Medieval, Mercantilist, Physiocratic) B12|B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith) B13|B13 - Neoclassical through 1925 (Austrian, Marshallian, Walrasian, Stockholm School) B14|B14 - Socialist; Marxist B15|B15 - Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary B16|B16 - Quantitative and Mathematical B1|B1 - History of Economic Thought through 1925 B23|B23 - Econometrics; Quantitative and Mathematical Studies B24|B24 - Socialist; Marxist; Sraffian B25|B25 - Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary; Austrian B26|B26 - Financial Economics B2|B2 - History of Economic Thought since 1925 B3|B3 - History of Economic Thought: Individuals B41|B41 - Economic Methodology B4|B4 - Economic Methodology B51|B51 - Socialist; Marxian; Sraffian B52|B52 - Institutional; Evolutionary B54|B54 - Feminist Economics B5|B5 - Current Heterodox Approaches B|B - History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches C02|C02 - Mathematical Methods C11|C11 - Bayesian Analysis: General C12|C12 - Hypothesis Testing: General C13|C13 - Estimation: General C14|C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General C15|C15 - Statistical Simulation Methods: General C18|C18 - Methodological Issues: General C1|C1 - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General C21|C21 - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions C22|C22 - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes C23|C23 - Panel Data Models; Spatio-temporal Models C24|C24 - Truncated and Censored Models; Switching Regression Models; Threshold Regression Models C25|C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors; Proportions; Probabilities C26|C26 - Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation C2|C2 - Single Equation Models; Single Variables C31|C31 - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions; Social Interaction Models C32|C32 - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models C33|C33 - Panel Data Models; Spatio-temporal Models C34|C34 - Truncated and Censored Models; Switching Regression Models C35|C35 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors; Proportions C36|C36 - Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation C38|C38 - Classification Methods; Cluster Analysis; Principal Components; Factor Models C3|C3 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables C41|C41 - Duration Analysis; Optimal Timing Strategies C43|C43 - Index Numbers and Aggregation C44|C44 - Operations Research; Statistical Decision Theory C45|C45 - Neural Networks and Related Topics C46|C46 - Specific Distributions; Specific Statistics C4|C4 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics C51|C51 - Model Construction and Estimation C52|C52 - Model Evaluation, Validation, and Selection C53|C53 - Forecasting and Prediction Methods; Simulation Methods C54|C54 - Quantitative Policy Modeling C55|C55 - Large Data Sets: Modeling and Analysis C57|C57 - Econometrics of Games and Auctions C58|C58 - Financial Econometrics C5|C5 - Econometric Modeling C61|C61 - Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis C62|C62 - Existence and Stability Conditions of Equilibrium C63|C63 - Computational Techniques; Simulation Modeling C65|C65 - Miscellaneous Mathematical Tools C67|C67 - Input–Output Models C68|C68 - Computable General Equilibrium Models C6|C6 - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling C71|C71 - Cooperative Games C72|C72 - Noncooperative Games C73|C73 - Stochastic and Dynamic Games; Evolutionary Games; Repeated Games C78|C78 - Bargaining Theory; Matching Theory C7|C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory C81|C81 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data; Data Access C82|C82 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data; Data Access C83|C83 - Survey Methods; Sampling Methods C87|C87 - Econometric Software C88|C88 - Other Computer Software C8|C8 - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs C91|C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior C92|C92 - Laboratory, Group Behavior C93|C93 - Field Experiments C9|C9 - Design of Experiments C|C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods D01|D01 - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles D02|D02 - Institutions: Design, Formation, Operations, and Impact D03|D03 - Behavioral Microeconomics: Underlying Principles D04|D04 - Microeconomic Policy: Formulation, Implementation, and Evaluation D11|D11 - Consumer Economics: Theory D12|D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis D13|D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation D14|D14 - Household Saving; Personal Finance D15|D15 - Intertemporal Household Choice; Life Cycle Models and Saving D16|D16 - Collaborative Consumption D18|D18 - Consumer Protection D1|D1 - Household Behavior and Family Economics D21|D21 - Firm Behavior: Theory D22|D22 - Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis D23|D23 - Organizational Behavior; Transaction Costs; Property Rights D24|D24 - Production; Cost; Capital; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity; Capacity D25|D25 - Intertemporal Firm Choice: Investment, Capacity, and Financing D26|D26 - Crowd-Based Firms D2|D2 - Production and Organizations D31|D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions D33|D33 - Factor Income Distribution D41|D41 - Perfect Competition D43|D43 - Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection D45|D45 - Rationing; Licensing D46|D46 - Value Theory D47|D47 - Market Design D4|D4 - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design D51|D51 - Exchange and Production Economies D52|D52 - Incomplete Markets D53|D53 - Financial Markets D57|D57 - Input–Output Tables and Analysis D58|D58 - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models D5|D5 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium D61|D61 - Allocative Efficiency; Cost–Benefit Analysis D63|D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement D64|D64 - Altruism; Philanthropy; Intergenerational Transfers D6|D6 - Welfare Economics D71|D71 - Social Choice; Clubs; Committees; Associations D72|D72 - Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D73|D73 - Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption D74|D74 - Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances; Revolutions D78|D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation and Implementation D7|D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making D81|D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty D82|D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information; Mechanism Design D83|D83 - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief; Unawareness D84|D84 - Expectations; Speculations D85|D85 - Network Formation and Analysis: Theory D86|D86 - Economics of Contract: Theory D8|D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty D91|D91 - Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making D9|D9 - Micro-Based Behavioral Economics E01|E01 - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth; Environmental Accounts E02|E02 - Institutions and the Macroeconomy E03|E03 - Behavioral Macroeconomics E11|E11 - Marxian; Sraffian; Kaleckian E12|E12 - Keynes; Keynesian; Post-Keynesian E14|E14 - Austrian; Evolutionary; Institutional E16|E16 - Social Accounting Matrix E17|E17 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications E1|E1 - General Aggregative Models E21|E21 - Consumption; Saving; Wealth E22|E22 - Investment; Capital; Intangible Capital; Capacity E24|E24 - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity E25|E25 - Aggregate Factor Income Distribution E26|E26 - Informal Economy; Underground Economy E27|E27 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications E2|E2 - Consumption, Saving, Production, Investment, Labor Markets, and Informal Economy E31|E31 - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation E32|E32 - Business Fluctuations; Cycles E37|E37 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications E3|E3 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles E41|E41 - Demand for Money E42|E42 - Monetary Systems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System; Payment Systems E43|E43 - Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects E44|E44 - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy E47|E47 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications E4|E4 - Money and Interest Rates E51|E51 - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers E52|E52 - Monetary Policy E58|E58 - Central Banks and Their Policies E5|E5 - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit E61|E61 - Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination E62|E62 - Fiscal Policy E63|E63 - Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Stabilization; Treasury Policy E64|E64 - Incomes Policy; Price Policy E65|E65 - Studies of Particular Policy Episodes E66|E66 - General Outlook and Conditions E6|E6 - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook E|E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics F01|F01 - Global Outlook F02|F02 - International Economic Order and Integration F11|F11 - Neoclassical Models of Trade F12|F12 - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies; Fragmentation F13|F13 - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F14|F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade F15|F15 - Economic Integration F16|F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions F17|F17 - Trade Forecasting and Simulation F18|F18 - Trade and Environment F21|F21 - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements F22|F22 - International Migration F23|F23 - Multinational Firms; International Business F2|F2 - International Factor Movements and International Business F31|F31 - Foreign Exchange F32|F32 - Current Account Adjustment; Short-Term Capital Movements F33|F33 - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions F34|F34 - International Lending and Debt Problems F35|F35 - Foreign Aid F36|F36 - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration F37|F37 - International Finance Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications F38|F38 - International Financial Policy: Financial Transactions Tax; Capital Controls F3|F3 - International Finance F41|F41 - Open Economy Macroeconomics F42|F42 - International Policy Coordination and Transmission F43|F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies F44|F44 - International Business Cycles F45|F45 - Macroeconomic Issues of Monetary Unions F47|F47 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications F4|F4 - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance F51|F51 - International Conflicts; Negotiations; Sanctions F52|F52 - National Security; Economic Nationalism F53|F53 - International Agreements and Observance; International Organizations F54|F54 - Colonialism; Imperialism; Postcolonialism F55|F55 - International Institutional Arrangements F5|F5 - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy F61|F61 - Microeconomic Impacts F62|F62 - Macroeconomic Impacts F63|F63 - Economic Development F6|F6 - Economic Impacts of Globalization F|F - International Economics G01|G01 - Financial Crises G02|G02 - Behavioral Finance: Underlying Principles G11|G11 - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions G12|G12 - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates G13|G13 - Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing G14|G14 - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies; Insider Trading G15|G15 - International Financial Markets G17|G17 - Financial Forecasting and Simulation G18|G18 - Government Policy and Regulation G1|G1 - General Financial Markets G21|G21 - Banks; Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages G22|G22 - Insurance; Insurance Companies; Actuarial Studies G23|G23 - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors G24|G24 - Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage; Ratings and Ratings Agencies G28|G28 - Government Policy and Regulation G2|G2 - Financial Institutions and Services G31|G31 - Capital Budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies; Capacity G32|G32 - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill G33|G33 - Bankruptcy; Liquidation G34|G34 - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance G35|G35 - Payout Policy G38|G38 - Government Policy and Regulation G3|G3 - Corporate Finance and Governance G|G - Financial Economics H11|H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government H12|H12 - Crisis Management H13|H13 - Economics of Eminent Domain; Expropriation; Nationalization H1|H1 - Structure and Scope of Government H21|H21 - Efficiency; Optimal Taxation H23|H23 - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies H24|H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies H25|H25 - Business Taxes and Subsidies H26|H26 - Tax Evasion and Avoidance H27|H27 - Other Sources of Revenue H2|H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue H3|H3 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents H41|H41 - Public Goods H42|H42 - Publicly Provided Private Goods H43|H43 - Project Evaluation; Social Discount Rate H44|H44 - Publicly Provided Goods: Mixed Markets H4|H4 - Publicly Provided Goods H51|H51 - Government Expenditures and Health H52|H52 - Government Expenditures and Education H53|H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs H54|H54 - Infrastructures; Other Public Investment and Capital Stock H55|H55 - Social Security and Public Pensions H56|H56 - National Security and War H5|H5 - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies H61|H61 - Budget; Budget Systems H62|H62 - Deficit; Surplus H63|H63 - Debt; Debt Management; Sovereign Debt H68|H68 - Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt H6|H6 - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt H71|H71 - State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue H72|H72 - State and Local Budget and Expenditures H73|H73 - Interjurisdictional Differentials and Their Effects H74|H74 - State and Local Borrowing H75|H75 - State and Local Government: Health; Education; Welfare; Public Pensions H76|H76 - State and Local Government: Other Expenditure Categories H77|H77 - Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism; Secession H7|H7 - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations H81|H81 - Governmental Loans; Loan Guarantees; Credits; Grants; Bailouts H82|H82 - Governmental Property H83|H83 - Public Administration; Public Sector Accounting and Audits H84|H84 - Disaster Aid H87|H87 - International Fiscal Issues; International Public Goods H8|H8 - Miscellaneous Issues H|H - Public Economics I11|I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets I12|I12 - Health Behavior I13|I13 - Health Insurance, Public and Private I14|I14 - Health and Inequality I15|I15 - Health and Economic Development I18|I18 - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health I21|I21 - Analysis of Education I22|I22 - Educational Finance; Financial Aid I23|I23 - Higher Education; Research Institutions I24|I24 - Education and Inequality I25|I25 - Education and Economic Development I26|I26 - Returns to Education I28|I28 - Government Policy I2|I2 - Education and Research Institutions I31|I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being I32|I32 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty I38|I38 - Government Policy; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs I3|I3 - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty I|I - Health, Education, and Welfare J01|J01 - Labor Economics: General J08|J08 - Labor Economics Policies J11|J11 - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts J12|J12 - Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure; Domestic Abuse J13|J13 - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth J14|J14 - Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped; Non-Labor Market Discrimination J15|J15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination J16|J16 - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination J17|J17 - Value of Life; Forgone Income J18|J18 - Public Policy J1|J1 - Demographic Economics J21|J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure J22|J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply J23|J23 - Labor Demand J24|J24 - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity J26|J26 - Retirement; Retirement Policies J28|J28 - Safety; Job Satisfaction; Related Public Policy J2|J2 - Demand and Supply of Labor J31|J31 - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials J32|J32 - Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits; Retirement Plans; Private Pensions J33|J33 - Compensation Packages; Payment Methods J38|J38 - Public Policy J3|J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs J41|J41 - Labor Contracts J42|J42 - Monopsony; Segmented Labor Markets J43|J43 - Agricultural Labor Markets J44|J44 - Professional Labor Markets; Occupational Licensing J45|J45 - Public Sector Labor Markets J46|J46 - Informal Labor Markets J47|J47 - Coercive Labor Markets J48|J48 - Public Policy J4|J4 - Particular Labor Markets J51|J51 - Trade Unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects J52|J52 - Dispute Resolution: Strikes, Arbitration, and Mediation; Collective Bargaining J53|J53 - Labor–Management Relations; Industrial Jurisprudence J54|J54 - Producer Cooperatives; Labor Managed Firms; Employee Ownership J58|J58 - Public Policy J5|J5 - Labor–Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining J61|J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers J62|J62 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility J63|J63 - Turnover; Vacancies; Layoffs J64|J64 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search J65|J65 - Unemployment Insurance; Severance Pay; Plant Closings J68|J68 - Public Policy J6|J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers J78|J78 - Public Policy J7|J7 - Labor Discrimination J81|J81 - Working Conditions J82|J82 - Labor Force Composition J83|J83 - Workers' Rights J88|J88 - Public Policy J8|J8 - Labor Standards: National and International J|J - Labor and Demographic Economics K11|K11 - Property Law K12|K12 - Contract Law K13|K13 - Tort Law and Product Liability; Forensic Economics K14|K14 - Criminal Law K1|K1 - Basic Areas of Law K21|K21 - Antitrust Law K22|K22 - Business and Securities Law K23|K23 - Regulated Industries and Administrative Law K2|K2 - Regulation and Business Law K31|K31 - Labor Law K32|K32 - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law K33|K33 - International Law K34|K34 - Tax Law K35|K35 - Personal Bankruptcy Law K36|K36 - Family and Personal Law K37|K37 - Immigration Law K3|K3 - Other Substantive Areas of Law K41|K41 - Litigation Process K42|K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law K4|K4 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior K|K - Law and Economics L11|L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms L12|L12 - Monopoly; Monopolization Strategies L13|L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets L14|L14 - Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation; Networks L15|L15 - Information and Product Quality; Standardization and Compatibility L16|L16 - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics: Industrial Structure and Structural Change; Industrial Price Indices L17|L17 - Open Source Products and Markets L1|L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance L21|L21 - Business Objectives of the Firm L22|L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure L23|L23 - Organization of Production L24|L24 - Contracting Out; Joint Ventures; Technology Licensing L25|L25 - Firm Performance: Size, Diversification, and Scope L2|L2 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior L31|L31 - Nonprofit Institutions; NGOs; Social Entrepreneurship L32|L32 - Public Enterprises; Public-Private Enterprises L33|L33 - Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises and Nonprofit Institutions; Privatization; Contracting Out L38|L38 - Public Policy L3|L3 - Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise L41|L41 - Monopolization; Horizontal Anticompetitive Practices L42|L42 - Vertical Restraints; Resale Price Maintenance; Quantity Discounts L43|L43 - Legal Monopolies and Regulation or Deregulation L44|L44 - Antitrust Policy and Public Enterprises, Nonprofit Institutions, and Professional Organizations L4|L4 - Antitrust Issues and Policies L51|L51 - Economics of Regulation L52|L52 - Industrial Policy; Sectoral Planning Methods L53|L53 - Enterprise Policy L5|L5 - Regulation and Industrial Policy L61|L61 - Metals and Metal Products; Cement; Glass; Ceramics L62|L62 - Automobiles; Other Transportation Equipment; Related Parts and Equipment L63|L63 - Microelectronics; Computers; Communications Equipment L64|L64 - Other Machinery; Business Equipment; Armaments L65|L65 - Chemicals; Rubber; Drugs; Biotechnology L66|L66 - Food; Beverages; Cosmetics; Tobacco; Wine and Spirits L67|L67 - Other Consumer Nondurables: Clothing, Textiles, Shoes, and Leather Goods; Household Goods; Sports Equipment L68|L68 - Appliances; Furniture; Other Consumer Durables L6|L6 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing L71|L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels L72|L72 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Other Nonrenewable Resources L73|L73 - Forest Products L78|L78 - Government Policy L7|L7 - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction L81|L81 - Retail and Wholesale Trade; e-Commerce L82|L82 - Entertainment; Media L83|L83 - Sports; Gambling; Restaurants; Recreation; Tourism L84|L84 - Personal, Professional, and Business Services L85|L85 - Real Estate Services L86|L86 - Information and Internet Services; Computer Software L87|L87 - Postal and Delivery Services L88|L88 - Government Policy L8|L8 - Industry Studies: Services L91|L91 - Transportation: General L92|L92 - Railroads and Other Surface Transportation L93|L93 - Air Transportation L94|L94 - Electric Utilities L95|L95 - Gas Utilities; Pipelines; Water Utilities L97|L97 - Utilities: General L98|L98 - Government Policy L9|L9 - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities L|L - Industrial Organization M11|M11 - Production Management M12|M12 - Personnel Management; Executives; Executive Compensation M13|M13 - New Firms; Startups M14|M14 - Corporate Culture; Diversity; Social Responsibility M15|M15 - IT Management M16|M16 - International Business Administration M1|M1 - Business Administration M21|M21 - Business Economics M2|M2 - Business Economics M38|M38 - Government Policy and Regulation M3|M3 - Marketing and Advertising M48|M48 - Government Policy and Regulation M4|M4 - Accounting and Auditing M51|M51 - Firm Employment Decisions; Promotions M52|M52 - Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects M54|M54 - Labor Management M55|M55 - Labor Contracting Devices M5|M5 - Personnel Economics M|M - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics N01|N01 - Development of the Discipline: Historiographical; Sources and Methods N10|N10 - General, International, or Comparative N11|N11 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 N12|N12 - U.S.; Canada: 1913– N13|N13 - Europe: Pre-1913 N14|N14 - Europe: 1913– N15|N15 - Asia including Middle East N16|N16 - Latin America; Caribbean N17|N17 - Africa; Oceania N1|N1 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations N20|N20 - General, International, or Comparative N21|N21 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 N22|N22 - U.S.; Canada: 1913– N23|N23 - Europe: Pre-1913 N24|N24 - Europe: 1913– N25|N25 - Asia including Middle East N26|N26 - Latin America; Caribbean N27|N27 - Africa; Oceania N2|N2 - Financial Markets and Institutions N30|N30 - General, International, or Comparative N31|N31 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 N32|N32 - U.S.; Canada: 1913- N33|N33 - Europe: Pre-1913 N34|N34 - Europe: 1913- N35|N35 - Asia including Middle East N36|N36 - Latin America; Caribbean N37|N37 - Africa; Oceania N3|N3 - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy N40|N40 - General, International, or Comparative N41|N41 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 N42|N42 - U.S.; Canada: 1913– N43|N43 - Europe: Pre-1913 N44|N44 - Europe: 1913– N45|N45 - Asia including Middle East N46|N46 - Latin America; Caribbean N47|N47 - Africa; Oceania N4|N4 - Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation N50|N50 - General, International, or Comparative N51|N51 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 N52|N52 - U.S.; Canada: 1913– N53|N53 - Europe: Pre-1913 N54|N54 - Europe: 1913– N55|N55 - Asia including Middle East N56|N56 - Latin America; Caribbean N57|N57 - Africa; Oceania N5|N5 - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries N60|N60 - General, International, or Comparative N61|N61 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 N62|N62 - U.S.; Canada: 1913– N63|N63 - Europe: Pre-1913 N64|N64 - Europe: 1913– N65|N65 - Asia including Middle East N66|N66 - Latin America; Caribbean N67|N67 - Africa; Oceania N6|N6 - Manufacturing and Construction N70|N70 - General, International, or Comparative N71|N71 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 N72|N72 - U.S.; Canada: 1913– N73|N73 - Europe: Pre-1913 N74|N74 - Europe: 1913– N75|N75 - Asia including Middle East N76|N76 - Latin America; Caribbean N77|N77 - Africa; Oceania N7|N7 - Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services N80|N80 - General, International, or Comparative N81|N81 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 N82|N82 - U.S.; Canada: 1913– N83|N83 - Europe: Pre-1913 N84|N84 - Europe: 1913– N85|N85 - Asia including Middle East N86|N86 - Latin America; Caribbean N87|N87 - Africa; Oceania N8|N8 - Micro-Business History N90|N90 - General, International, or Comparative N91|N91 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 N92|N92 - U.S.; Canada: 1913– N93|N93 - Europe: Pre-1913 N94|N94 - Europe: 1913– N95|N95 - Asia including Middle East N96|N96 - Latin America; Caribbean N97|N97 - Africa; Oceania N9|N9 - Regional and Urban History N|N - Economic History O11|O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development O12|O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development O13|O13 - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products O14|O14 - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology O15|O15 - Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration O16|O16 - Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance O17|O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements O18|O18 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure O19|O19 - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations O1|O1 - Economic Development O21|O21 - Planning Models; Planning Policy O22|O22 - Project Analysis O23|O23 - Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development O24|O24 - Trade Policy; Factor Movement Policy; Foreign Exchange Policy O25|O25 - Industrial Policy O2|O2 - Development Planning and Policy O31|O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives O32|O32 - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D O33|O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes O34|O34 - Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital O35|O35 - Social Innovation O38|O38 - Government Policy O3|O3 - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights O41|O41 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models O42|O42 - Monetary Growth Models O43|O43 - Institutions and Growth O44|O44 - Environment and Growth O47|O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence O4|O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity O51|O51 - U.S.; Canada O53|O53 - Asia including Middle East O54|O54 - Latin America; Caribbean O57|O57 - Comparative Studies of Countries O5|O5 - Economywide Country Studies O|O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth P11|P11 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform P12|P12 - Capitalist Enterprises P13|P13 - Cooperative Enterprises P14|P14 - Property Rights P16|P16 - Political Economy P17|P17 - Performance and Prospects P1|P1 - Capitalist Systems P21|P21 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform P23|P23 - Factor and Product Markets; Industry Studies; Population P24|P24 - National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation P25|P25 - Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics P26|P26 - Political Economy; Property Rights P27|P27 - Performance and Prospects P28|P28 - Natural Resources; Energy; Environment P2|P2 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies P31|P31 - Socialist Enterprises and Their Transitions P32|P32 - Collectives; Communes; Agriculture P33|P33 - International Trade, Finance, Investment, Relations, and Aid P34|P34 - Financial Economics P35|P35 - Public Economics P36|P36 - Consumer Economics; Health; Education and Training; Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Poverty P37|P37 - Legal Institutions; Illegal Behavior P3|P3 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions P41|P41 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform P42|P42 - Productive Enterprises; Factor and Product Markets; Prices; Population P43|P43 - Public Economics; Financial Economics P44|P44 - National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation P45|P45 - International Trade, Finance, Investment, and Aid P46|P46 - Consumer Economics; Health; Education and Training; Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Poverty P47|P47 - Performance and Prospects P48|P48 - Political Economy; Legal Institutions; Property Rights; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Regional Studies P4|P4 - Other Economic Systems P51|P51 - Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems P52|P52 - Comparative Studies of Particular Economies P5|P5 - Comparative Economic Systems P|P - Economic Systems Q01|Q01 - Sustainable Development Q02|Q02 - Commodity Markets Q11|Q11 - Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis; Prices Q12|Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets Q13|Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness Q14|Q14 - Agricultural Finance Q15|Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure; Land Reform; Land Use; Irrigation; Agriculture and Environment Q16|Q16 - R&D; Agricultural Technology; Biofuels; Agricultural Extension Services Q17|Q17 - Agriculture in International Trade Q18|Q18 - Agricultural Policy; Food Policy Q21|Q21 - Demand and Supply; Prices Q22|Q22 - Fishery; Aquaculture Q26|Q26 - Recreational Aspects of Natural Resources Q27|Q27 - Issues in International Trade Q28|Q28 - Government Policy Q2|Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation Q31|Q31 - Demand and Supply; Prices Q32|Q32 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development Q33|Q33 - Resource Booms Q34|Q34 - Natural Resources and Domestic and International Conflicts Q35|Q35 - Hydrocarbon Resources Q37|Q37 - Issues in International Trade Q38|Q38 - Government Policy Q3|Q3 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation Q41|Q41 - Demand and Supply; Prices Q42|Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources Q43|Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy Q47|Q47 - Energy Forecasting Q48|Q48 - Government Policy Q51|Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects Q52|Q52 - Pollution Control Adoption and Costs; Distributional Effects; Employment Effects Q53|Q53 - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling Q54|Q54 - Climate; Natural Disasters and Their Management; Global Warming Q55|Q55 - Technological Innovation Q56|Q56 - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth Q57|Q57 - Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services; Biodiversity Conservation; Bioeconomics; Industrial Ecology Q58|Q58 - Government Policy Q5|Q5 - Environmental Economics Q|Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics R11|R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes R12|R12 - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity R13|R13 - General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies R14|R14 - Land Use Patterns R15|R15 - Econometric and Input–Output Models; Other Models R1|R1 - General Regional Economics R21|R21 - Housing Demand R22|R22 - Other Demand R23|R23 - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population; Neighborhood Characteristics R28|R28 - Government Policy R2|R2 - Household Analysis R31|R31 - Housing Supply and Markets R32|R32 - Other Spatial Production and Pricing Analysis R33|R33 - Nonagricultural and Nonresidential Real Estate Markets R38|R38 - Government Policy R3|R3 - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location R41|R41 - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion; Travel Time; Safety and Accidents; Transportation Noise R42|R42 - Government and Private Investment Analysis; Road Maintenance; Transportation Planning R48|R48 - Government Pricing and Policy R4|R4 - Transportation Economics R51|R51 - Finance in Urban and Rural Economies R52|R52 - Land Use and Other Regulations R53|R53 - Public Facility Location Analysis; Public Investment and Capital Stock R58|R58 - Regional Development Planning and Policy R5|R5 - Regional Government Analysis R|R - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics Y10|Y10 - Data: Tables and Charts Y1|Y1 - Data: Tables and Charts Y20|Y20 - Introductory Material Y2|Y2 - Introductory Material Y30|Y30 - Book Reviews (unclassified) Y3|Y3 - Book Reviews (unclassified) Y40|Y40 - Dissertations (unclassified) Y4|Y4 - Dissertations (unclassified) Y50|Y50 - Further Reading (unclassified) Y5|Y5 - Further Reading (unclassified) Y70|Y70 - No Author General Discussions Y7|Y7 - No Author General Discussions Y80|Y80 - Related Disciplines Y8|Y8 - Related Disciplines Y91|Y91 - Pictures and Maps Y|Y - Miscellaneous Categories Z11|Z11 - Economics of the Arts and Literature Z13|Z13 - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Social and Economic Stratification Z18|Z18 - Public Policy Z1|Z1 - Cultural Economics; Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology Z21|Z21 - Industry Studies Z22|Z22 - Labor Issues Z2|Z2 - Sports Economics Z31|Z31 - Industry Studies Z32|Z32 - Tourism and Development Z33|Z33 - Marketing and Finance Z38|Z38 - Policy Z3|Z3 - Tourism Economics Z|Z - Other Special Topics A10|A10 - General A19|A19 - Other A20|A20 - General A21|A21 - Pre-college A22|A22 - Undergraduate A23|A23 - Graduate A29|A29 - Other A30|A30 - General A33|A33 - Handbooks A39|A39 - Other B00|B00 - General B0|B0 - General B10|B10 - General B19|B19 - Other B20|B20 - General B21|B21 - Microeconomics B22|B22 - Macroeconomics B29|B29 - Other B30|B30 - General B31|B31 - Individuals B32|B32 - Obituaries B40|B40 - General B49|B49 - Other B50|B50 - General B53|B53 - Austrian B59|B59 - Other C00|C00 - General C01|C01 - Econometrics C0|C0 - General C10|C10 - General C19|C19 - Other C20|C20 - General C29|C29 - Other C30|C30 - General C39|C39 - Other C40|C40 - General C49|C49 - Other C50|C50 - General C59|C59 - Other C60|C60 - General C69|C69 - Other C70|C70 - General C79|C79 - Other C80|C80 - General C89|C89 - Other C90|C90 - General C99|C99 - Other D00|D00 - General D0|D0 - General D10|D10 - General D19|D19 - Other D20|D20 - General D29|D29 - Other D30|D30 - General D39|D39 - Other D3|D3 - Distribution D40|D40 - General D42|D42 - Monopoly D44|D44 - Auctions D49|D49 - Other D50|D50 - General D59|D59 - Other D60|D60 - General D62|D62 - Externalities D69|D69 - Other D70|D70 - General D79|D79 - Other D80|D80 - General D87|D87 - Neuroeconomics D89|D89 - Other D90|D90 - General D99|D99 - Other D|D - Microeconomics E00|E00 - General E0|E0 - General E10|E10 - General E13|E13 - Neoclassical E19|E19 - Other E20|E20 - General E23|E23 - Production E29|E29 - Other E30|E30 - General E39|E39 - Other E40|E40 - General E49|E49 - Other E50|E50 - General E59|E59 - Other E60|E60 - General E69|E69 - Other F00|F00 - General F0|F0 - General F10|F10 - General F19|F19 - Other F1|F1 - Trade F20|F20 - General F24|F24 - Remittances F29|F29 - Other F30|F30 - General F39|F39 - Other F40|F40 - General F49|F49 - Other F50|F50 - General F59|F59 - Other F60|F60 - General F64|F64 - Environment F65|F65 - Finance F66|F66 - Labor F68|F68 - Policy F69|F69 - Other G00|G00 - General G0|G0 - General G10|G10 - General G19|G19 - Other G20|G20 - General G29|G29 - Other G30|G30 - General G39|G39 - Other H00|H00 - General H0|H0 - General H10|H10 - General H19|H19 - Other H20|H20 - General H22|H22 - Incidence H29|H29 - Other H30|H30 - General H31|H31 - Household H32|H32 - Firm H39|H39 - Other H40|H40 - General H49|H49 - Other H50|H50 - General H57|H57 - Procurement H59|H59 - Other H60|H60 - General H69|H69 - Other H70|H70 - General H79|H79 - Other H80|H80 - General H89|H89 - Other I00|I00 - General I0|I0 - General I10|I10 - General I19|I19 - Other I1|I1 - Health I20|I20 - General I29|I29 - Other I30|I30 - General I39|I39 - Other J00|J00 - General J0|J0 - General J10|J10 - General J19|J19 - Other J20|J20 - General J29|J29 - Other J30|J30 - General J39|J39 - Other J40|J40 - General J49|J49 - Other J50|J50 - General J59|J59 - Other J60|J60 - General J69|J69 - Other J70|J70 - General J71|J71 - Discrimination J79|J79 - Other J80|J80 - General J89|J89 - Other K00|K00 - General K0|K0 - General K10|K10 - General K19|K19 - Other K20|K20 - General K29|K29 - Other K30|K30 - General K39|K39 - Other K40|K40 - General K49|K49 - Other L00|L00 - General L0|L0 - General L10|L10 - General L19|L19 - Other L20|L20 - General L26|L26 - Entrepreneurship L29|L29 - Other L30|L30 - General L39|L39 - Other L40|L40 - General L49|L49 - Other L50|L50 - General L59|L59 - Other L60|L60 - General L69|L69 - Other L70|L70 - General L74|L74 - Construction L79|L79 - Other L80|L80 - General L89|L89 - Other L90|L90 - General L96|L96 - Telecommunications L99|L99 - Other M00|M00 - General M0|M0 - General M10|M10 - General M19|M19 - Other M20|M20 - General M29|M29 - Other M30|M30 - General M31|M31 - Marketing M37|M37 - Advertising M39|M39 - Other M40|M40 - General M41|M41 - Accounting M42|M42 - Auditing M49|M49 - Other M50|M50 - General M53|M53 - Training M59|M59 - Other N00|N00 - General N0|N0 - General O10|O10 - General O20|O20 - General O29|O29 - Other O30|O30 - General O39|O39 - Other O40|O40 - General O49|O49 - Other O50|O50 - General O52|O52 - Europe O55|O55 - Africa O56|O56 - Oceania P00|P00 - General P0|P0 - General P10|P10 - General P19|P19 - Other P20|P20 - General P22|P22 - Prices P29|P29 - Other P30|P30 - General P39|P39 - Other P40|P40 - General P49|P49 - Other P50|P50 - General P59|P59 - Other Q00|Q00 - General Q0|Q0 - General Q10|Q10 - General Q19|Q19 - Other Q1|Q1 - Agriculture Q20|Q20 - General Q23|Q23 - Forestry Q24|Q24 - Land Q25|Q25 - Water Q29|Q29 - Other Q30|Q30 - General Q39|Q39 - Other Q40|Q40 - General Q49|Q49 - Other Q4|Q4 - Energy Q50|Q50 - General Q59|Q59 - Other R00|R00 - General R0|R0 - General R10|R10 - General R19|R19 - Other R20|R20 - General R29|R29 - Other R30|R30 - General R39|R39 - Other R40|R40 - General R49|R49 - Other R50|R50 - General R59|R59 - Other Y60|Y60 - Excerpts Y6|Y6 - Excerpts Y90|Y90 - Other Y9|Y9 - Other Z00|Z00 - General Z0|Z0 - General Z10|Z10 - General Z12|Z12 - Religion Z19|Z19 - Other Z20|Z20 - General Z23|Z23 - Finance Z28|Z28 - Policy Z29|Z29 - Other Z30|Z30 - General Z39|Z39 - Other