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  Rostral Anterior Cingulate Glutamine/Glutamate Disbalance in Major Depressive Disorder Depends on Symptom Severity

Colic, L., von Düring, F., Denzel, D., Demenescu, L., Lord, A., Martens, L., et al. (2019). Rostral Anterior Cingulate Glutamine/Glutamate Disbalance in Major Depressive Disorder Depends on Symptom Severity. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Epub ahead. doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.04.003.

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 Creators:
Colic, L, Author
von Düring, F, Author
Denzel, D, Author
Demenescu , LR, Author
Lord, AR, Author
Martens, L1, 2, Author           
Lison, S, Author
Frommer, J, Author
Vogel, M, Author
Kaufmann, J, Author
Speck, O, Author
Li, M1, 2, Author           
Walter, M1, 2, Author           
Affiliations:
1Department High-Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max Planck Society, ou_1497796              
2Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max Planck Society, ou_1497794              

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 Abstract: Background

Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) show glutamatergic deficits in the ventral anterior cingulate cortex. The glutamine/glutamate (Gln/Glu) ratio was proposed to be connected to glutamatergic cycling, which is hypothesized to be dysregulated in MDD. As an indicator of regional metabolite status, this ratio might be a robust state marker sensitive to clinical heterogeneity.
Methods

Thirty-two MDD patients (mean age 40.88 ± 13.66 years, 19 women) and control subjects (mean age 33.09 ± 8.24 years, 19 women) were compared for pregenual anterior cingulate cortex levels of Gln/Glu, Gln/total creatine (tCr), Glu/tCr, and gamma-aminobutyric acid/tCr as determined by high-field magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We tested if symptom severity (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale) and anhedonia (Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale) influence the relation of metabolites to clinical symptoms.
Results

MDD patients showed higher Gln/Glu. This was driven by marginally higher Gln/tCr and nonsignificantly lower Glu/tCr. Groups defined by severity moderated relationship between Gln/Glu and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Moreover, severe cases differed from both control subjects and moderate cases. Groups defined by the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale also displayed differential relationship between Gln/Glu and levels of anhedonia, predominantly driven by Gln/tCr.
Conclusions

We elaborate previous accounts of metabolite deficits in the anterior cingulate cortex toward increased Gln/Glu. There is a moderated relationship between severity and the ratio, which suggests consideration of different mechanisms or disease state for the respective subgroups in future studies.

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 Dates: 2019-04
 Publication Status: Published online
 Pages: -
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 Rev. Type: -
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.04.003
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Title: Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: Amsterdam : Elsevier
Pages: - Volume / Issue: Epub ahead Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: - Identifier: ISSN: 2451-9022
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/2451-9022