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  Global carbon budget 2013

Le Quéré, C., Peters, G. P., Andres, R. J., Andrew, R. M., Boden, T., Ciais, P., et al. (2014). Global carbon budget 2013. Earth System Science Data, 6(1), 235-263. doi:10.5194/essd-6-235-2014.

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 Creators:
Le Quéré, C., Author
Peters, G. P., Author
Andres, R. J., Author
Andrew, R. M., Author
Boden, T., Author
Ciais, P., Author
Friedlingstein, P., Author
Houghton, R. A., Author
Marland, G., Author
Moriarty, R., Author
Sitch, S., Author
Tans, P., Author
Arneth, A., Author
Arvanitis, A., Author
Bakker, D. C. E., Author
Bopp, L., Author
Canadell, J. G., Author
Chini, L. P., Author
Doney, S. C., Author
Harper, A., Author
Harris, I., AuthorHouse, J. I., AuthorJain, A. K., AuthorJones, S. D., AuthorKato, E., AuthorKeeling, R. F., AuthorGoldewijk, K. Klein, AuthorKörtzinger, A., AuthorKoven, C., AuthorLefèvre, N., AuthorOmar, A., AuthorOno, T., AuthorPark, G.-H., AuthorPfeil, B., AuthorPoulter, B., AuthorRaupach, M. R., AuthorRegnier, P., AuthorRödenbeck, Christian1, Author           Saito, S., AuthorSchwinger, J., AuthorSegschneider, Joachim, AuthorStocker, B. D., AuthorTilbrook, B., Authorvan Heuven, S., AuthorViovy, N., AuthorWanninkhof, R., AuthorWiltshire, A., AuthorZaehle, Sönke2, 3, Author           Yue, C., Author more..
Affiliations:
1Inverse Data-driven Estimation, Dr. C. Rödenbeck, Department Biogeochemical Systems, Prof. M. Heimann, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Society, ou_1497785              
2Terrestrial Biosphere Modelling , Dr. Sönke Zähle, Department Biogeochemical Integration, Dr. M. Reichstein, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Society, ou_1938309              
3Terrestrial Biosphere Modelling , Dr. Sönke Zähle, Department Biogeochemical Integration, Prof. Dr. Martin Heimann, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Society, ou_1497787              

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 Abstract: Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and a methodology to quantify all major components of the global carbon budget, including their uncertainties, based on the combination of a range of data, algorithms, statistics and model estimates and their interpretation by a broad scientific community. We discuss changes compared to previous estimates, consistency within and among components, alongside methodology and data limitations. CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel combustion and cement production (EFF) are based on energy statistics, while emissions from land-use change (ELUC), mainly deforestation, are based on combined evidence from land-cover change data, fire activity associated with deforestation, and models. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly and its rate of growth (GATM) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The mean ocean CO2 sink (SOCEAN) is based on observations from the 1990s, while the annual anomalies and trends are estimated with ocean models. The variability in SOCEAN is evaluated for the first time in this budget with data products based on surveys of ocean CO2 measurements. The global residual terrestrial CO2 sink (SLAND) is estimated by the difference of the other terms of the global carbon budget and compared to results of independent dynamic global vegetation models forced by observed climate, CO2 and land cover change (some including nitrogen–carbon interactions). All uncertainties are reported as ±1, reflecting the current capacity to characterise the annual estimates of each component of the global carbon budget. For the last decade available (2003–2012), EFF was 8.6±0.4 GtC yr−1, ELUC 0.9±0.5 GtC yr−1, GATM 4.3±0.1 GtC yr−1, SOCEAN 2.5±0.5 GtC yr−1, and SLAND 2.8±0.8 GtC yr−1. For year 2012 alone, EFF grew to 9.7±0.5 GtC yr−1, 2.2% above 2011, reflecting a continued growing trend in these emissions, GATM was 5.1±0.2 GtC yr−1, SOCEAN was 2.9±0.5 GtC yr−1, and assuming an ELUC of 1.0±0.5 GtC yr−1 (based on the 2001–2010 average), SLAND was 2.7±0.9 GtC yr−1. GATM was high in 2012 compared to the 2003–2012 average, almost entirely reflecting the high EFF. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration reached 392.52±0.10 ppm averaged over 2012. We estimate that EFF will increase by 2.1% (1.1– 3.1 %) to 9.9±0.5 GtC in 2013, 61% above emissions in 1990, based on projections of world gross domestic product and recent changes in the carbon intensity of the economy.With this projection, cumulative emissions of CO2 will reach about 535±55 GtC for 1870–2013, about 70% from EFF (390±20 GtC) and 30% from ELUC (145±50 GtC).

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 20132014-04-112014-06-172014-06
 Publication Status: Issued
 Pages: -
 Publishing info: -
 Table of Contents: -
 Rev. Type: -
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.5194/essd-6-235-2014
Other: BGC2405
 Degree: -

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Title: Earth System Science Data
  Other : Earth Syst. Sci. Data
  Abbreviation : ESSD
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: Göttingen : Copernicus GmbH
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 6 (1) Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 235 - 263 Identifier: ISSN: 1866-3508
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/1866-3508