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High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, hep-ph,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, gr-qc,High Energy Physics - Theory, hep-th,Nuclear Experiment, nucl-ex,Nuclear Theory, nucl-th
Abstract:
The success of relativistic hydrodynamics as an essential part of the
phenomenological description of heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and the LHC has
motivated a significant body of theoretical work concerning its fundamental
aspects. Our review presents these developments from the perspective of the
underlying microscopic physics, using the language of quantum field theory,
relativistic kinetic theory, and holography. We discuss the gradient expansion,
the phenomenon of hydrodynamization, as well as several models of hydrodynamic
evolution equations, highlighting the interplay between collective long-lived
and transient modes in relativistic matter. Our aim to provide a unified
presentation of this vast subject -- which is naturally expressed in diverse
mathematical languages -- has also led us to include several new results on the
large-order behaviour of the hydrodynamic gradient~expansion.
