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  Higher levels of cardiovascular fitness are associated with better executive function and prefrontal oxygenation in younger and older women

Dupuy, O., Gauthier, C., Fraser, S. A., Desjardins-Crèpeau, L., Desjardins, M., Mekary, S., et al. (2015). Higher levels of cardiovascular fitness are associated with better executive function and prefrontal oxygenation in younger and older women. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 9: 66. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00066.

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 Creators:
Dupuy, Olivier1, 2, 3, Author
Gauthier, Claudine2, 4, Author           
Fraser, Sarah A.2, 5, Author
Desjardins-Crèpeau, Laurence2, Author
Desjardins, Michèle2, 6, Author
Mekary, Said2, Author
Lesage, Frederic7, Author
Hoge, Rick D.2, 6, Author
Pouliot, Philippe7, Author
Bherer, Louis1, 2, Author
Affiliations:
1PERFORM Center, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, Canada, ou_persistent22              
2Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, QC, Canada, ou_persistent22              
3Laboratoire MOVE, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université de Poitiers, France, ou_persistent22              
4Department Neurology, MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Max Planck Society, Leipzig, DE, ou_634549              
5School of Social Work, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada, ou_persistent22              
6Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal, QC, Canada, ou_persistent22              
7École Polytechnique de Montréal, QC, Canada, ou_persistent22              

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Free keywords: Fitness; Stroop; Executive function; Cerebral oxygenation; Prefrontal cortex; Right inferior frontal gyrus
 Abstract: Aim: Many studies have suggested that physical exercise training improves cognition and more selectively executive functions. There is a growing interest to clarify the neurophysiological mechanisms that underlie this effect. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the neurophysiological changes in cerebral oxygenation associated with physical fitness level and executive functions.

Method: In this study, 22 younger and 36 older women underwent a maximal graded continuous test (i.e., VO2max) in order to classify them into a fitness group (higher vs. lower fit). All participants completed neuropsychological paper and pencil testing and a computerized Stroop task (which contained executive and non-executive conditions) in which the change in prefrontal cortex oxygenation was evaluated with near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).

Results: Our findings revealed a Fitness × Condition interaction (p < 0.05) such that higher fit women scored better on measures of executive functions than lower fit women. In comparison to lower fit women, higher fit women had faster reaction times in the Executive condition of the computerized Stroop task. No significant effect was observed in the non-executive condition of the test and no interactions were found with age. In measures of cerebral oxygenation (ΔHbT and ΔHbO2), we found a main effect of fitness on cerebral oxygenation during the Stroop task such that only high fit women demonstrated a significant increase in the right inferior frontal gyrus.

Discussion/Conclusion: Higher fit individuals who demonstrate better cardiorespiratory functions (as measured by VO2max) show faster reaction times and greater cerebral oxygenation in the right inferior frontal gyrus than women with lower fitness levels. The lack of interaction with age, suggests that good cardiorespiratory functions can have a positive impact on cognition, regardless of age.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2014-08-042015-01-272015-02-18
 Publication Status: Published online
 Pages: -
 Publishing info: -
 Table of Contents: -
 Rev. Type: Peer
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00066
PMID: 25741267
PMC: PMC4332308
Other: eCollection 2015
 Degree: -

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Title: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
  Abbreviation : Front Hum Neurosci
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: Lausanne, Switzerland : Frontiers Research Foundation
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 9 Sequence Number: 66 Start / End Page: - Identifier: ISSN: 1662-5161
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/1662-5161