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要旨:
We discuss some recent progress in understanding the anomalous behavior of liquid water, by combining
information provided by recent experiments and simulations on water in bulk, nanoconfined, and biological
environments. We interpret evidence from recent experiments designed to test the hypothesis that liquid
water may display “polymorphism” in that it can exist in two different phases — and discuss recent work on
water's transport anomalies as well as the unusual behavior of water in biological environments. Finally, we
will discuss how the general concept of liquid polymorphism may prove useful in understanding anomalies in
other liquids, such as silicon, silica, and carbon, as well as metallic glasses which have in common that they are
characterized by two characteristic length scales in their interactions.