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  Quantum phase transition from a superfluid to a Mott insulator in a gas of ultracold atoms

Greiner, M., Mandel, O., Esslinger, T., Hänsch, T. W., & Bloch, I. (2002). Quantum phase transition from a superfluid to a Mott insulator in a gas of ultracold atoms. Nature, 415(6867), 39-44. doi:10.1038/415039a.

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 Creators:
Greiner, M.1, Author           
Mandel, O.1, Author           
Esslinger, T., Author
Hänsch, T. W.1, Author           
Bloch, I.2, Author           
Affiliations:
1Laser Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Max Planck Society, ou_1445568              
2Quantum Many Body Systems, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Max Planck Society, ou_1445570              

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 Abstract: For a system at a temperature of absolute zero, all thermal fluctuations are frozen out, while quantum fluctuations prevail. These microscopic quantum fluctuations can induce a macroscopic phase transition in the ground state of a many-body system when the relative strength of two competing energy terms is varied across a critical value. Here we observe such a quantum phase transition in a Bose-Einstein condensate with repulsive interactions, held in a three-dimensional optical lattice potential. As the potential depth of the lattice is increased, a transition is observed from a superfluid to a Mott insulator phase. In the superfluid phase, each atom is spread out over the entire lattice, with long-range phase coherence. But in the insulating phase, exact numbers of atoms are localized at individual lattice sites, with no phase coherence across the lattice; this phase is characterized by a gap in the excitation spectrum. We can induce reversible changes between the two ground states of the system.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2002-01-01
 Publication Status: Issued
 Pages: -
 Publishing info: -
 Table of Contents: -
 Rev. Type: Peer
 Degree: -

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Title: Nature
  Abbreviation : Nature
Source Genre: Journal
 Creator(s):
Affiliations:
Publ. Info: London : Nature Publishing Group
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 415 (6867) Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 39 - 44 Identifier: Other: 1476-4687
ISSN: 0028-0836
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/954925427238