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  Herschel map of Saturn’s stratospheric water, delivered by the plumes of Enceladus

Cavalié, T., Hue, V., Hartogh, P., Moreno, R., Lellouch, E., Feuchtgruber, H., et al. (2019). Herschel map of Saturn’s stratospheric water, delivered by the plumes of Enceladus. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 630: A87. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935954.

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 Creators:
Cavalié, T., Author
Hue, V., Author
Hartogh, Paul1, Author           
Moreno, R., Author
Lellouch, E., Author
Feuchtgruber, H., Author
Jarchow, Christopher1, Author           
Cassidy, T., Author
Fletcher, L. N., Author
Billebaud, F., Author
Dobrijevic, M., Author
Rezac, Ladislav1, Author           
Orton, G. S., Author
Rengel, Miriam1, Author           
Fouchet, T., Author
Guerlet, S., Author
Affiliations:
1Department Planets and Comets, Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Max Planck Society, ou_1832288              

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Free keywords: planets and satellites: individual: Saturn / planets and satellites: individual: Enceladus / planets and satellites: atmospheres
 MPIS_GROUPS: Planetary Atmospheres
 MPIS_PROJECTS: HERSCHEL: HIFI
 Abstract: Context. The origin of water in the stratospheres of giant planets has been an outstanding question ever since its first detection by the Infrared Space Observatory some 20 years ago. Water can originate from interplanetary dust particles, icy rings and satellites, and large comet impacts. Analyses of Herschel Space Observatory observations have proven that the bulk of Jupiter’s stratospheric water was delivered by the Shoemaker-Levy 9 impacts in 1994. In 2006, the Cassini mission detected water plumes at the South Pole of Enceladus, which made the moon a serious candidate for Saturn’s stratospheric water. Further evidence was found in 2011 when Herschel demonstrated the presence of a water torus at the orbital distance of Enceladus that was fed by the moon’s plumes. Finally, water falling from the rings onto Saturn’s uppermost atmospheric layers at low latitudes was detected during the final orbits of Cassini’s end-of-mission plunge into the atmosphere.

Aims. In this paper, we use Herschel mapping observations of water in Saturn’s stratosphere to identify its source.

Methods. We tested several empirical models against the Herschel-HIFI and -PACS observations, which were collected on December 30, 2010, and January 2, 2011, respectively.

Results. We demonstrate that Saturn’s stratospheric water is not uniformly mixed as a function of latitude, but peaks at the equator and decreases poleward with a Gaussian distribution. We obtain our best fit with an equatorial mole fraction 1.1 ppb and a half width at half maximum of 25°, when accounting for a temperature increase in the two warm stratospheric vortices produced by Saturn’s Great Storm of 2010–2011.

Conclusions. This work demonstrates that Enceladus is the main source of Saturn’s stratospheric water.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2019
 Publication Status: Published online
 Pages: -
 Publishing info: -
 Table of Contents: -
 Rev. Type: Peer
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201935954
 Degree: -

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Title: Astronomy and Astrophysics
  Other : Astron. Astrophys.
Source Genre: Journal
 Creator(s):
Affiliations:
Publ. Info: Les Ulis Cedex A France : EDP Sciences
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 630 Sequence Number: A87 Start / End Page: - Identifier: Other: 1432-0746
ISSN: 0004-6361
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/954922828219_1