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  Modeling and Control of UAV Bearing-Formations with Bilateral High-Level Steering

Franchi, A., Masone, C., Grabe, V., Ryll, M., Bülthoff, H., & Robuffo Giordano, P. (2012). Modeling and Control of UAV Bearing-Formations with Bilateral High-Level Steering. International Journal of Robotics Research, 31(12), 1504-1525. doi:10.1177/0278364912462493.

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Franchi, A1, 2, Author           
Masone, C1, 2, Author           
Grabe, V1, 2, Author           
Ryll, M1, 2, Author           
Bülthoff, HH1, 2, Author           
Robuffo Giordano, P1, 2, Author           
Affiliations:
1Department Human Perception, Cognition and Action, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max Planck Society, ou_1497797              
2Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max Planck Society, Spemannstrasse 38, 72076 Tübingen, DE, ou_1497794              

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 Abstract: In this paper we address the problem of controlling the motion of a group of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) bound to keep a formation defined in terms of only relative angles (i.e. a bearing formation). This problem can naturally arise within the context of several multi-robot applications such as, e.g. exploration, coverage, and surveillance. First, we introduce and thoroughly analyze the concept and properties of bearing formations, and provide a class of minimally linear sets of bearings sufficient to uniquely define such formations. We then propose a bearing-only formation controller requiring only bearing measurements, converging almost globally, and maintaining bounded inter-agent distances despite the lack of direct metric information. The controller still leaves the possibility of imposing group motions tangent to the current bearing formation. These can be either autonomously chosen by the robots because of any additional task (e.g. exploration), or exploited by an assisting human co-operator. For this latter ‘human-in-the-loop’ case, we propose a multi-master/multi-slave bilateral shared control system providing the co-operator with some suitable force cues informative of the UAV performance. The proposed theoretical framework is extensively validated by means of simulations and experiments with quadrotor UAVs equipped with onboard cameras. Practical limitations, e.g. limited field-of-view, are also considered.

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 Dates: 2012-10
 Publication Status: Issued
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 Identifiers: DOI: 10.1177/0278364912462493
BibTex Citekey: FranchiMGRBR2012
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Title: International Journal of Robotics Research
Source Genre: Journal
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Pages: - Volume / Issue: 31 (12) Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 1504 - 1525 Identifier: -