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Abstract:
In the new era of brain research, highlighted by the Human Brain Project and BRAIN Initiative, how to link the cellular, circuit, and system aspects of brain function is one of the key aims of this mission. The multimodal neuroimaging methodology has provided us a promising platform. Among the numerous efforts on brain functional mapping, the combination of optogenetics, calcium signal detection by genetically encoded indictors, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) presents a unique perspective to better understand brain function. This chapter will focus on the recent application of optogenetic tools for fMRI studies, as well as a recent development of the fiber optic-mediated simultaneous calcium recording with fMRI. These studies lead to a new concept, the single unit of neurovascular coupling (SUNC) (Fig. 31.1), to better understand the signal propagation through the neuron-glia-vessel network in the brain of rodents.
