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  A group-specific arbitrary tradition in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Van Leeuwen, E. J. C., Cronin, K. A., & Haun, D. B. M. (2014). A group-specific arbitrary tradition in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Animal Cognition, 17, 1421-1425. doi:10.1007/s10071-014-0766-8.

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10071_2014_766_MOESM1_ESM.avi (Supplementary material), 179MB
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ESM_1 Julie (on the right) and Kathy engage in chimpanzee-typical behaviour, while putting grass in their ears and leaving it hanging out of their ears. (AVI 182981 kb)
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10071_2014_766_MOESM2_ESM.avi (Supplementary material), 339MB
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ESM_2 Val (adult male, focal individual) sits and watches Julie, Jack, and Kathy from a distance. Upon seeing Julie with grass in her ear, Val picks a straw of grass (1:01) and puts it in his ear (1:03) after which he shivers. He puts the grass back in his ear (1:11) and remains seated while occasionally looking at Julie, Jack, and Kathy. (AVI 346390 kb)
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10071_2014_766_MOESM3_ESM.avi (Supplementary material), 350MB
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ESM_3 Miracle sits close to Julie (who is holding a piece of grass in her ear), looks at her over her shoulder (0:03), picks a straw of grass (0:30), and attempts to put it in her ear (0:35). Around 0:59, Miracle again attempts to put grass in her ear, which becomes explicitly visible as of 1:14 (after which she is seen leaving the grass in her ear). (AVI 357501 kb)
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VanLeeuwen_Cronin_Haun_2014.pdf (Publisher version), 643KB
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 Creators:
Van Leeuwen, Edwin J. C.1, Author           
Cronin, Katherine A.1, Author           
Haun, Daniel B. M.2, Author           
Affiliations:
1Comparative Cognitive Anthropology, MPI for Psycholinguistics, Max Planck Society, ou_55209              
2Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, University of Portsmouth, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany , ou_persistent22              

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Free keywords: chimpanzees, social learning, Chimfunshi Wildlife Orphanage Trust, arbitrary tradition, fads
 Abstract: Social learning in chimpanzees has been studied extensively and it is now widely accepted that chimpanzees have the capacity to learn from conspecifics through a multitude of mechanisms. Very few studies, however, have documented the existence of spontaneously emerged 'traditions' in chimpanzee communities. While the rigor of experimental studies is helpful to investigate social learning mechanisms, documentation of naturally occurring traditions is necessary to understand the relevance of social learning in the real lives of animals. In this study, we report on chimpanzees spontaneously copying a seemingly non-adaptive behaviour ("grass-in- ear behaviour"). The behaviour entailed chimpanzees selecting a stiff, straw-like blade of grass, inserting the grass into one of their own ears, adjusting the position, and then leaving it in their ear during subsequent activities. Using a daily focal follow procedure, over the course of one year, we observed 8 (out of 12) group members engaging in this peculiar behaviour. Importantly, in the 3 neighbouring groups of chimpanzees (n=82), this behaviour was only observed once, indicating that ecological factors were not determiners of the prevalence of this behaviour. These observations show that chimpanzees have a tendency to copy each other's behaviour, even when the adaptive value of the behaviour is presumably absent.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2014-05-292014-06-112014
 Publication Status: Issued
 Pages: -
 Publishing info: -
 Table of Contents: -
 Rev. Type: Peer
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.1007/s10071-014-0766-8
 Degree: -

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Title: Animal Cognition
  Other : Anim. Cogn.
Source Genre: Journal
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Pages: - Volume / Issue: 17 Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 1421 - 1425 Identifier: ISSN: 1435-9448
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/954933111396