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Abstract:
Behavioral studies have shown that an appropriate visual target that is anticipated by a verb leads to visually grounded expectations concerning the following verbal argument (e.g. Weber & Crocker, 07). In a cross-modal ERP priming experiment, we seek to establish the integration costs (N400) of appr./inappr. target words (verbal arguments), in the presence/absence of an appropriate/inappropriate visual target. An auditory prime (‘The woman bakes’) was accompanied with pictures on a screen (the agent, an appr./inappr. verbal object (‘cake’ vs. ‘tree’) and two distractors). After the primes/pictures, participants had to perform a lexical decision task to visually presented nouns (‘pizza’ vs. ‘tree’ - crucially, the appropriate depicted object and lexical targets differ) where ERPs were measured. We found a centro-parietal modulated negativity (N400) between 350ms-550ms (baseline condition A>B>D>C). Comparison of A/B vs. C/D reveals a main effect of auditory prime (verbal information) reducing processing costs. Crucially, however, processing costs are increased on the target word when the contextually grounded expectations (A>B and C<D) are not met (strong N400). Our results extend previous studies showing that the online processing of situated language is related to context-expectancy (e.g. Kutas & Hillyard, 84), as evidenced by interaction and interference between visual/auditory input.
Prime: "The woman bakes the"
A. Scene-match: cake, Target-match: "pizza" (baseline condition)
B. Scene-nomatch: tree, Target-match: "pizza"
C. Scene-match: cake, Target-nomatch: "tree"
D. Scene-nomatch: tree, Target-nomatch: "tree"
