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  Beyond the group: how food, mates, and group size influence intergroup encounters in wild bonobos

Lucchesi, S., Cheng, L., Janmaat, K., Mundry, R., Pisor, A., & Surbeck, M. (2020). Beyond the group: how food, mates, and group size influence intergroup encounters in wild bonobos. Behavioral Ecology, 31(2), 519-532. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arz214.

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Lucchesi, Stefano1, Author
Cheng, Leveda1, Author
Janmaat, Karline2, 3, 4, Author           
Mundry, Roger4, 5, Author           
Pisor, Anne6, Author           
Surbeck, Martin4, 6, 7, 8, 9, Author           
Affiliations:
1external, ou_persistent22              
2Chimpanzees, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society, ou_2149636              
3Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Max Planck Society, ou_3149186              
4Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society, ou_1497674              
5Department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society, ou_1497671              
6Department of Human Behavior Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society, ou_2173689              
7Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society, ou_2025298              
8Bonobos, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society, ou_2149635              
9The Cuvette Centrale as reservoir of medicinal plants, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society, ou_1497687              

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 Abstract: In social-living animals, interactions between groups are frequently agonistic, but they can also be tolerant and even cooperative. Intergroup tolerance and cooperation are regarded as a crucial step in the formation of highly structured multilevel societies. Behavioral ecological theory suggests that intergroup tolerance and cooperation can emerge either when the costs of hostility outweigh the benefits of exclusive resource access or when both groups gain fitness benefits through their interactions. However, the factors promoting intergroup tolerance are still unclear due to the paucity of data on intergroup interactions in tolerant species. Here, we examine how social and ecological factors affect the onset and termination of intercommunity encounters in two neighboring communities of wild bonobos, a species exhibiting flexible patterns of intergroup interactions, at Kokolopori Bonobo Reserve, Democratic Republic of the Congo. We recorded the timing and location of intercommunity encounters and measured fruit abundance and distribution, groups’ social characteristics, and space-use dynamics over a 19-month period. We found that intercommunity tolerance was facilitated by a decrease in feeding competition, with high fruit abundance increasing the likelihood of communities to encounter, and high clumpiness of fruit patches increasing the probability to terminate encounters likely due to increased contest. In addition, the possibility for extra-community mating, as well as the potential benefits of more efficient foraging in less familiar areas, reduced the probability that the communities terminated encounters. By investigating the factors involved in shaping relationships across groups, this study contributes to our understanding of how animal sociality can extend beyond the group level.

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 Dates: 2020-01-07
 Publication Status: Issued
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Title: Behavioral Ecology
  Alternative Title : Behav Ecol
Source Genre: Journal
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Pages: - Volume / Issue: 31 (2) Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 519 - 532 Identifier: ISBN: 1045-2249