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  Transcranial magnetic stimulation intensities in cognitive paradigms

Kaminski, J. A., Korb, F. M., Villringer, A., & Ott, D. V. M. (2011). Transcranial magnetic stimulation intensities in cognitive paradigms. PLoS One, 6(9): e24836. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024836.

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 Creators:
Kaminski, Jakob A.1, 2, Author
Korb, Franziska Maria1, 3, Author
Villringer, Arno1, 2, Author           
Ott, Derek V. M.1, 4, Author           
Affiliations:
1Department Neurology, MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Max Planck Society, ou_persistent22              
2Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, ou_persistent22              
3Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, ou_634549              
4Department of Neurology, University Clinic Leipzig, ou_634549              

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 Abstract: Background

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has become an important experimental tool for exploring the brain's functional anatomy. As TMS interferes with neural activity, the hypothetical function of the stimulated area can thus be tested. One unresolved methodological issue in TMS experiments is the question of how to adequately calibrate stimulation intensities. The motor threshold (MT) is often taken as a reference for individually adapted stimulation intensities in TMS experiments, even if they do not involve the motor system. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether it is reasonable to adjust stimulation intensities in each subject to the individual MT if prefrontal regions are stimulated prior to the performance of a cognitive paradigm.
Methods and Findings

Repetitive TMS (rTMS) was applied prior to a working memory task, either at the ‘fixed’ intensity of 40% maximum stimulator output (MSO), or individually adapted at 90% of the subject's MT. Stimulation was applied to a target region in the left posterior middle frontal gyrus (pMFG), as indicated by a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) localizer acquired beforehand, or to a control site (vertex). Results show that MT predicted the effect size after stimulating subjects with the fixed intensity (i.e., subjects with a low MT showed a greater behavioral effect). Nevertheless, the individual adaptation of intensities did not lead to stable effects.
Conclusion

Therefore, we suggest assessing MT and account for it as a measure for general cortical TMS susceptibility, even if TMS is applied outside the motor domain.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2011-04-202011-08-222011-09-29
 Publication Status: Published online
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 Rev. Type: Peer
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024836
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Title: PLoS One
Source Genre: Journal
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Pages: - Volume / Issue: 6 (9) Sequence Number: e24836 Start / End Page: - Identifier: ISSN: 1932-6203
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/1000000000277850