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  Time does not flow without language: Spatial distance affects temporal duration regardless of movement or direction

Cai, Z. G., Conell, L., & Holler, J. (2013). Time does not flow without language: Spatial distance affects temporal duration regardless of movement or direction. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 20(5), 973-980. doi:10.3758/s13423-013-0414-3.

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 Creators:
Cai , Zhenguang G. 1, Author
Conell, Louise1, Author
Holler, Judith2, 3, 4, Author           
Affiliations:
1School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester , UK, ou_persistent22              
2Language in our Hands: Sign and Gesture, MPI for Psycholinguistics, Max Planck Society, Nijmegen, NL, ou_789545              
3Language and Cognition Department, MPI for Psycholinguistics, Max Planck Society, ou_792548              
4Communication in Social Interaction, Radboud University Nijmegen, External Organizations, ou_3055481              

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 Abstract: Much evidence has suggested that people conceive of time as flowing directionally in transverse space (e.g., from left to right for English speakers). However, this phenomenon has never been tested in a fully nonlinguistic paradigm where neither stimuli nor task use linguistic labels, which raises the possibility that time is directional only when reading/writing direction has been evoked. In the present study, English-speaking participants viewed a video where an actor sang a note while gesturing and reproduced the duration of the sung note by pressing a button. Results showed that the perceived duration of the note was increased by a long-distance gesture, relative to a short-distance gesture. This effect was equally strong for gestures moving from left to right and from right to left and was not dependent on gestures depicting movement through space; a weaker version of the effect emerged with static gestures depicting spatial distance. Since both our gesture stimuli and temporal reproduction task were nonlinguistic, we conclude that the spatial representation of time is nondirectional: Movement contributes, but is not necessary, to the representation of temporal information in a transverse timeline.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 201220132013
 Publication Status: Issued
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 Rev. Type: Peer
 Identifiers: PMID: 23440728
DOI: 10.3758/s13423-013-0414-3
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Title: Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: Austin, TX : Psychonomic Society
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 20 (5) Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 973 - 980 Identifier: ISSN: 1069-9384
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/954928526942