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  Focus on the essential: All great apes know when others are being attentive

Tempelmann, S., Kaminski, J., & Liebal, K. (2011). Focus on the essential: All great apes know when others are being attentive. Animal Cognition, 14(3), 433-439. doi:10.1007/s10071-011-0378-5.

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 Creators:
Tempelmann, Sebastian1, Author           
Kaminski, Juliane1, 2, Author                 
Liebal, Katja1, 2, Author                 
Affiliations:
1Department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society, ou_1497671              
2Evolutionary Roots of Human Social Interaction, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society, ou_1497675              

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 Abstract: When begging for food, all great ape species are sensitive to a human’s attention. However, studies investigating which cues are relevant for chimpanzees to assess the attentional state of others have produced highly inconsistent results. Some have suggested chimpanzees differentiate attention based on the status of the face or even the eyes, while others have indicated that body posture alone is the relevant cue. Kaminski et al. (Anim Cogn 7:216–223, 2004) compared the behaviour of chimpanzees, bonobos and orangutans while begging for food from a human experimenter who systematically varied his face and body orientation. Their results indicated that both factors, face and body orientation, affect apes’ begging behaviour. The authors claimed that while body orientation provides information about the experimenter’s general disposition to offer food, the visibility of the face provides information about the human’s attentional state. In the current study, we tested this hypothesis with all four great apes species. However, unlike Kaminski et al. (Anim Cogn 7:216–223, 2004), the experimenter was able to hand over food regardless of body orientation. The results show that as soon as the offering of the food was no longer restricted, the orientation of the face became the key factor. Therefore, we present the first evidence that all great ape species are able to assess the attentional state of a recipient based on the orientation of the face.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2011
 Publication Status: Issued
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 Rev. Type: Peer
 Identifiers: eDoc: 570117
DOI: 10.1007/s10071-011-0378-5
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Title: Animal Cognition
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: Berlin : Springer
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 14 (3) Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 433 - 439 Identifier: ISSN: 0010-0277