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  In All Likelihood, Deep Belief Is Not Enough

Theis, L., Gerwinn, S., Sinz, F., & Bethge, M. (2011). In All Likelihood, Deep Belief Is Not Enough. The Journal of Machine Learning Research, 12, 3071-3096.

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Theis, L1, 2, Author           
Gerwinn, S1, 2, Author           
Sinz, F1, 2, Author           
Bethge, M1, 2, Author           
Affiliations:
1Research Group Computational Vision and Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max Planck Society, ou_1497805              
2Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max Planck Society, Spemannstrasse 38, 72076 Tübingen, DE, ou_1497794              

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 Abstract: Statistical models of natural images provide an important tool for researchers in the fields of machine learning and computational neuroscience. The canonical measure to quantitatively assess and compare the performance of statistical models is given by the likelihood. One class of statistical models which has recently gained increasing popularity and has been applied to a variety of complex data is formed by deep belief networks. Analyses of these models, however, have often been limited to qualitative analyses based on samples due to the computationally intractable nature of their likelihood. Motivated by these circumstances, the present article introduces a consistent estimator for the likelihood of deep belief networks which is computationally tractable and simple to apply in practice. Using this estimator, we quantitatively investigate a deep belief network for natural image patches and compare its performance to the performance of other models for natural image patches. We find that the deep belief network is outperformed with respect to the likelihood even by very simple mixture models.

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 Dates: 2011-11
 Publication Status: Issued
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 Identifiers: BibTex Citekey: TheisGSB2011
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Title: The Journal of Machine Learning Research
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: Cambridge, MA : MIT Press
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 12 Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 3071 - 3096 Identifier: ISSN: 1532-4435
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/111002212682020_1