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  Generalization and Similarity in Exemplar Models of Categorization: Insights from Machine Learning

Jäkel, F., Schölkopf, B., & Wichmann, F. (2008). Generalization and Similarity in Exemplar Models of Categorization: Insights from Machine Learning. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 15(2), 256-271. doi:10.3758/PBR.15.2.256.

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Jäkel, F, Author           
Schölkopf, B1, 2, Author           
Wichmann, FA, Author           
Affiliations:
1Department Empirical Inference, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max Planck Society, ou_1497795              
2Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max Planck Society, Spemannstrasse 38, 72076 Tübingen, DE, ou_1497794              

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 Abstract: Exemplar theories of categorization depend on similarity for explaining subjects’ ability to
generalize to new stimuli. A major criticism of exemplar theories concerns their lack of abstraction
mechanisms and thus, seemingly, generalization ability. Here, we use insights from
machine learning to demonstrate that exemplar models can actually generalize very well. Kernel
methods in machine learning are akin to exemplar models and very successful in real-world
applications. Their generalization performance depends crucially on the chosen similaritymeasure.
While similarity plays an important role in describing generalization behavior it is not
the only factor that controls generalization performance. In machine learning, kernel methods
are often combined with regularization techniques to ensure good generalization. These same
techniques are easily incorporated in exemplar models. We show that the Generalized Context
Model (Nosofsky, 1986) and ALCOVE (Kruschke, 1992) are closely related to a statistical
model called kernel logistic regression. We argue that generalization is central to the enterprise
of understanding categorization behavior and suggest how insights from machine learning can
offer some guidance. Keywords: kernel, similarity, regularization, generalization, categorization.

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 Dates: 2008-04
 Publication Status: Issued
 Pages: -
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 Table of Contents: -
 Rev. Type: -
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.3758/PBR.15.2.256
BibTex Citekey: 4783
 Degree: -

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Title: Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: Austin, TX : Psychonomic Society
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 15 (2) Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 256 - 271 Identifier: ISSN: 1069-9384
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/954928526942