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  Selling "Cultures": The Traffic of Cultural Representations from the Yawanawa [Repr. of 2013]

Nahoum, A. V. (2016). Selling "Cultures": The Traffic of Cultural Representations from the Yawanawa [Repr. of 2013]. PhD Thesis, University of São Paulo, Cologne.

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Nahoum, André Vereta1, Author           
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1International Max Planck Research School on the Social and Political Constitution of the Economy, MPI for the Study of Societies, Max Planck Society, ou_1214550              

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Free keywords: Commodification, culture, markets, indigenous populations, Amazon comodificação, cultura, mercados, populações indígenas, Amazônia
 Abstract: What are the tensions, alliances, negotiations, and translations underlying the traffic of cultural representations in markets? This research analyzes two economic projects maintained by the Yawanawa, an indigenous population from the southwestern Amazon: one project produces annatto seeds for an American cosmetic firm, and the other involves the public performance of cultural and, notably, spiritual practices. The indigenization of market practices and specific Euro-American categories - such as monetary exchange, environmental protection, and cultural difference - allow cultural elements to be translated into representations of enduring cultures, harmonious lifestyles and good environmental practices. The economic valuation of cultural representations is being used as a new tool in local conflicts that occur internally among leaders and groups in their quest for prestige, loyalty, and material resources, and externally with the region's non-native population and with national initiatives to develop profitable activities in the Amazon. Part of our global market society, the Yawanawa can also employ the demand and valuation of representations associated with their culture to individual projects on the construction of reputation and leadership, and more broadly, to the reassertion of their collective identity as a specific indigenous population with special rights. This research explores market exchange as an arena of complex sociability and conflict. It analyzes how values are created and exchanged within the market in a true cultural economy, and how individual and collective identity projects are constructed, challenged, and sometimes reproduced by the traffic of material and immaterial objects.
 Abstract: Quais são as tensões, alianças, negociações e traduções que subjazem ao tráfico de representações culturais no mercado? Esta pesquisa analisa dois projetos de inserção no mercado dos Yawanawá, população indígena do sudoeste amazônico: um projeto para produção de sementes de urucum para uma empresa estadunidense de cosméticos, e outro que envolve a exibição pública de práticas culturais, notadamente espirituais. A indigenização de práticas de mercado e categorias específicas da cultura Euro-Americana – tais como o intercâmbio monetário, a proteção ambiental e a diferença cultural – permitem a tradução de elementos culturais em estilos de vida harmoniosos e boas práticas ambientais. A valorização econômica de representações culturais é utilizada internamente como um novo instrumento em conflitos locais entre líderes e grupos em sua busca por prestígio, lealdade e recursos materiais e, externamente, junto à população regional e nacional não-nativa como contraponto a outras iniciativas para o desenvolvimento de atividades lucrativas na Amazônia. Parte de nossa sociedade global de mercado, os Yawanawa também podem empregar a demanda e valorização de representações associadas à sua cultura em projetos individuais de construção de reputação e liderança, e mais amplamente, para a reafirmação de sua identidade coletiva, como uma população indígena com direitos especiais. Esta pesquisa explora a troca mercantil como uma arena de sociabilidade complexa e conflituosa. Ela analisa como valores são criados e intercambiados no mercado em uma verdadeira economia cultural, e como projetos de identidade individual e coletiva são construídos, questionados e, às vezes, reproduzidos por meio do tráfico de objetos materiais e imateriais.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2016
 Publication Status: Issued
 Pages: 287
 Publishing info: Cologne : University of São Paulo
 Table of Contents: Abbreviations
Glossary
List of Tables and Images
1. Introduction
Part I
2. Terms of the question: commodities, commodification and “culture”
2.1. Commodities: a transient phase in the social life of things
2.2. Commodification as a tensional and negotiated process: towards an enlarged politics of value
2.3. The mystery of value in cultural representations of otherness
2.4. The literature on commodification of “cultures”: a short review
Part II
The Producers
3. “We are like the white-lipped peccaries”
3.1 White-lipped peccaries are good to think: the queixada ritornello
3.2 The nawa contrapunctus: alterity as a constitutive principle of Yawanawa identity
3.3 The community and its location
3.4 Dramatis Personae
3.4.1 Peace in the feud
3.4.2 The main characters and their organizations
4. Permutations of debt: the political and cultural economies of the Yawanawa
4.1 Political leadership: the power in the debt and the intermediation between worlds
4.1.1. The Yawanawa leader: a Big-Man?
4.2 The production of life amongst the Yawanawa: work, goods and money
4.2.1 Units and vectors of solidarity
4.2.2 Work
4.2.3 Things that come in, things that go out
5. From Caboclo Seringueiro to Guardian of the Forest
6. An Upper Mississippi Interlude: Beauty is as beauty does
6.1 Towards green: a tribalization of beauty
6.2 Beauty is as beauty does: for whom?
Part III
The Products
7. Of Seeds and Culture
7.1 The Product: urucum-uruku
7.2 The politics of value of urucum
7.3 Producing and selling Uruku
8. Selling the cure, playing Yawanawa
8.1. The Product: Festivals and performances
8.2 Politics of value: gifts from commodities
8.3. A machine of alliances: networks from markets
8.3.1 Playing at being Indian, being Yawanawa
8.3.2 Machines of community, machines of alliances
8.4 The seeds of “culture”: assessing the projects
9. Conclusion
9.1 An enlarged politics of value and the Yawanawa
9.2 Instrumentality, dignities and perils of the market: doing business, the Yawanawa way
9.3. The Yawanawa are good to think
9.4 Finale
Appendix 1: Interviews at Gregorio River Indigenous Land and key
Appendix 2: Interviews with Aveda employees
References
 Rev. Type: -
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.17617/2.1896934
ISBN: 978-3-946416-07-4
 Degree: PhD

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Title: Studies on the Social and Political Constitution of the Economy. IMPRS-SPCE
Source Genre: Series
 Creator(s):
International Max Planck Research School on the Social and Political Constitution of the Economy, MPI for the Study of Societies, Max Planck Society, Editor              
Affiliations:
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Pages: - Volume / Issue: - Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: - Identifier: -