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  Dissociating dynamic probability and predictability in observed actions: An fMRI study

Ahlheim, C., Stadler, W., & Schubotz, R. I. (2014). Dissociating dynamic probability and predictability in observed actions: An fMRI study. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8: 273. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00273.

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 Urheber:
Ahlheim, Christiane1, 2, Autor
Stadler, Waltraud3, 4, Autor           
Schubotz, Ricarda Ines1, 2, Autor           
Affiliations:
1Institute for Psychology, Münster University, Germany, ou_persistent22              
2Motor Cognition Group, Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Cologne, Germany, ou_persistent22              
3Department of Sport and Health Science, TU Munich, Germany, ou_persistent22              
4Department Psychology, MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Max Planck Society, ou_634564              

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Schlagwörter: Statistical learning; Action observation; Orbitofrontal cortex; dmPFC; fMRI; Information theory
 Zusammenfassung: The present fMRI study investigated whether human observers spontaneously exploit the statistical structure underlying continuous action sequences. In particular, we tested whether two different statistical properties can be distinguished with regard to their neural correlates: an action step’s predictability and its probability. To assess these properties we used measures from information theory. Predictability of action steps was operationalized by its inverse, conditional entropy, which combines the number of possible action steps with their respective probabilities. Probability of action steps was assessed using conditional surprisal, which increases with decreasing probability. Participants were trained in an action observation paradigm with video clips showing sequences of 9–33s length with varying numbers of action steps that were statistically structured according to a Markov chain. Behavioral tests revealed that participants implicitly learned this statistical structure, showing that humans are sensitive toward these probabilistic regularities. Surprisal (lower probability) enhanced the BOLD signal in the anterior intraparietal sulcus. In contrast, high conditional entropy, i.e., low predictability, was correlated with higher activity in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal gyrus, and posterior intraparietal sulcus. Furthermore, we found a correlation between the anterior hippocampus’ response
to conditional entropy with the extent of learning, such that the more participants had
learnt the structure, the greater the magnitude of hippocampus activation in response to conditional entropy. Findings show that two aspects of predictions can be dissociated: an action’s predictability is reflected in a top-down modulation of attentional focus, evident in increased fronto-parietal activation. In contrast, an action’s probability depends on the identity of the stimulus itself, resulting in bottom-up driven processing costs in the parietal
cortex.

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Sprache(n): eng - English
 Datum: 2014-02-102014-04-122014-05-07
 Publikationsstatus: Online veröffentlicht
 Seiten: -
 Ort, Verlag, Ausgabe: -
 Inhaltsverzeichnis: -
 Art der Begutachtung: Expertenbegutachtung
 Identifikatoren: DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00273
PMID: 24847235
PMC: PMC4019881
Anderer: eCollection 2014
 Art des Abschluß: -

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Titel: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
  Kurztitel : Front Hum Neurosci
Genre der Quelle: Zeitschrift
 Urheber:
Affiliations:
Ort, Verlag, Ausgabe: Lausanne, Switzerland : Frontiers Research Foundation
Seiten: - Band / Heft: 8 Artikelnummer: 273 Start- / Endseite: - Identifikator: ISSN: 1662-5161
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/1662-5161