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  Real-time 3-D dark-field microscopy for the validation of the cross-linking process of alginate microcapsules

Wolf, R., Zimmermann, D., Weber, M., Feilen, P., Ehrhart, F., Salinas Jungjohann, M., et al. (2005). Real-time 3-D dark-field microscopy for the validation of the cross-linking process of alginate microcapsules. Biomaterials, 26(32), 6386-6393. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.04.015.

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 Creators:
Wolf, R.1, Author
Zimmermann, Dirk2, Author           
Weber, M.3, Author
Feilen, P.4, Author
Ehrhart, F.5, Author
Salinas Jungjohann, M.3, Author
Katsen, A.5, Author
Behringer, M.3, Author
Geßner, P.3, Author
Pließ, L.3, Author
Steinbach, A.3, Author
Spitz, J.3, Author
Vásquez, J.A.6, Author
Schneider, S.7, Author
Bamberg, Ernst2, Author           
Weber, M.M.4, Author
Zimmermann, U.3, Author
Zimmermann, H.5, Author
Affiliations:
1Lehrstuhl für Zoologie I, Elektronenmikroskopie, Biozentrum, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany, ou_persistent22              
2Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max Planck Society, ou_2068289              
3Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, Biozentrum, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany, ou_persistent22              
4Schwerpunkt Endokrinologie und Stoffwechselerkrankungen, Medizinische Klinik und Polyklinik, Universitätsklinik Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany, ou_persistent22              
5Abteilung Kryobiophysik & Kryotechnologie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Biomedizinische Technik, 66386 St. Ingbert, Germany, ou_persistent22              
6Depto. Biologia Marina, Faculdad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Catolica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile, ou_persistent22              
7Allgemeine Innere Medizin, Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Kliniken Bergmannsheil, Universitätsklinik Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany, ou_persistent22              

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Free keywords: Alginate; Crystal gun method; Cross-linking; Ba2+; Dark-field microscopy
 Abstract: Alginate-based microencapsulation is a promising method for long-term maintenance of cellular and membrane function of the cells and tissue fragments required for in vitro and in vivo biosensors, for tissue engineering and particularly for immunoisolation of non-autologous transplants. Microcapsules of high mechanical strength and optimum permeability can be produced by injection of BaCl2 crystals into alginate droplets before they come into contact with external Ba2+. A key requirement is that the system parameters (number of crystals, speed of the crystal stream etc.) are properly adjusted according to the mannuronic and guluronic acid ratio and the average molecular mass of the alginate as well as to the diameter of the microcapsules. Robust, reliable, rapid and low-cost validation tools are, therefore, needed for assurance of the microcapsule quality. Here, we describe a novel three-dimensional (3-D) dark-field microscopy that allows the real-time measurement of the number and spatial distribution of the injected Ba2+ ions throughout the microcapsules after treatment with sulphate. This novel method requires only a conventional microscope equipped with three polarising filters and a double aperture stop. In contrast to confocal laser scanning microscopy images, peripherally attached BaSO4 precipitates can clearly be distinguished from internal ones. The data also demonstrate that several steps of the alginate gelling process must be improved before such immunoisolation can be used in patients.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2005-01-182005-04-052005-05-232005-11-01
 Publication Status: Issued
 Pages: 8
 Publishing info: -
 Table of Contents: -
 Rev. Type: Peer
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.04.015
PMID: 15913773
 Degree: -

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Title: Biomaterials
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: Guildford, England : Elsevier
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 26 (32) Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 6386 - 6393 Identifier: ISSN: 0142-9612
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/954925472369