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  Insight into the evolution and origin of leprosy bacilli from the genome sequence of Mycobacterium lepromatosis

Singh, P., Benjak, A., Schuenemann, V. J., Herbig, A., Avanzi, C., Busso, P., et al. (2015). Insight into the evolution and origin of leprosy bacilli from the genome sequence of Mycobacterium lepromatosis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 112 (14): 1421504112, pp. 4459-4464. doi:10.1073/pnas.1421504112.

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 Creators:
Singh, Pushpendra, Author
Benjak, Andrej, Author
Schuenemann, Verena J., Author
Herbig, Alexander1, Author           
Avanzi, Charlotte, Author
Busso, Philippe, Author
Nieselt, Kay, Author
Krause, Johannes2, Author           
Vera-Cabrera, Lucio, Author
Cole, Stewart T., Author
Affiliations:
1External Organizations, ou_persistent22              
2Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Society, ou_2074310              

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Free keywords: Mycobacterium lepromatosis, genome sequencing, Mycobacterium leprae, comparative genomics, reductive evolution
 Abstract: Mycobacterium lepromatosis is an uncultured human pathogen associated with diffuse lepromatous leprosy and a reactional state known as Lucio's phenomenon. By using deep sequencing with and without DNA enrichment, we obtained the near-complete genome sequence of M. lepromatosis present in a skin biopsy from a Mexican patient, and compared it with that of Mycobacterium leprae, which has undergone extensive reductive evolution. The genomes display extensive synteny and are similar in size (∼3.27 Mb). Protein-coding genes share 93% nucleotide sequence identity, whereas pseudogenes are only 82% identical. The events that led to pseudogenization of 50% of the genome likely occurred before divergence from their most recent common ancestor (MRCA), and both M. lepromatosis and M. leprae have since accumulated new pseudogenes or acquired specific deletions. Functional comparisons suggest that M. lepromatosis has lost several enzymes required for amino acid synthesis whereas M. leprae has a defective heme pathway. M. lepromatosis has retained all functions required to infect the Schwann cells of the peripheral nervous system and therefore may also be neuropathogenic. A phylogeographic survey of 227 leprosy biopsies by differential PCR revealed that 221 contained M. leprae whereas only six, all from Mexico, harbored M. lepromatosis. Phylogenetic comparisons indicate that M. lepromatosis is closer than M. leprae to the MRCA, and a Bayesian dating analysis suggests that they diverged from their MRCA approximately 13.9 Mya. Thus, despite their ancient separation, the two leprosy bacilli are remarkably conserved and still cause similar pathologic conditions.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2015-02-202015-03-232015-04-07
 Publication Status: Issued
 Pages: 6
 Publishing info: -
 Table of Contents: Results and Discussion
Genome Sequencing, Assembly, and Analysis.
Repetitive DNA.
A Second Draft Genome.
Synteny and Conservation of the M. lepromatosis and M. leprae
Genomes.
Species-Specific Sequences in M. lepromatosis and M. leprae.
Horizontally Acquired Genes.
Insight into Pathogenesis.
Neuropathogenesis.
Disease Management and New Interventions.
Geographical Survey for M. lepromatosis.
On the Origin and Evolution of M. lepromatosis.
Environmental Sources.
Materials and Methods
DNA Extraction and Sequencing.
Genome Assembly and Annotation.
PCR Procedures.
SNP Calling and Phylogeny.
 Rev. Type: Peer
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1421504112
Other: shh0001
 Degree: -

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Project name : APGREID
Grant ID : 310920
Funding program : Funding Programme 7 (FP7)
Funding organization : European Commission (EC)

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Title: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA
  Other : Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: National Academy of Sciences
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 112 (14) Sequence Number: 1421504112 Start / End Page: 4459 - 4464 Identifier: ISSN: 0027-8424
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/954925427230