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Abstract:
Electron temperature profiles at densities above the electron cyclotron emission (ECE) cutoff are measured at the W7-AS stellarator by a novel diagnostic based on black body emission and Bernstein-extraordinary-ordinary mode conversion of electron Bernstein waves (EBWs). The radiation is collected along a special oblique line of sight by an antenna with gaussian optics. This was optimized for maximal conversion efficiency and minimal Doppler broadening by means of EBW ray tracing calculations in full stellarator geometry. The elliptical O-mode polarization detected along the oblique line of sight is changed into a linear polarization by a broadband quarter wave shifter, namely an elliptical waveguide. The signal is spectrum analyzed by an heterodyne radiometer and temperature profiles are derived from spectra by means of ray tracing. The diagnostic was applied to measurements of edge-localized modes to illustrate its advantages in terms of spatial and temporal resolution. Moreover, for the first time, the heat wave propagation method for the determination of local heat transport coefficients was extended beyond the ECE cutoff density by combining EBW emission measurements at the first harmonic (f = 66–78 GHz) with modulated EBW heating at the second harmonic (140 GHz).
