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  European Pulsar Timing Array Limits On An Isotropic Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background

Lentati, L., Taylor, S. R., Mingarelli, C. M. F., Sesana, A., Sanidas, S. A., Vecchio, A., et al. (2015). European Pulsar Timing Array Limits On An Isotropic Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 453(3), 2576-2598. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv1538.

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Lentati, Lindley, Author
Taylor, Stephen R., Author
Mingarelli, Chiara M. F., Author
Sesana, Alberto1, Author           
Sanidas, Sotiris A., Author
Vecchio, Alberto, Author
Caballero, R. Nicolas, Author
Lee, K. J., Author
van Haasteren, Rutger, Author
Babak, Stanislav1, Author           
Bassa, Cees G., Author
Brem, Patrick1, Author
Burgay, Marta, Author
Champion, David J., Author
Cognard, Ismael, Author
Desvignes, Gregory, Author
Gair, Jonathon R., Author
Guillemot, Lucas, Author
Hessels, Jason W. T., Author
Janssen, Gemma H., Author
Karuppusamy, Ramesh, AuthorKramer, Michael, AuthorLassus, Antoine, AuthorLazarus, Patrick, AuthorLiu, Kuo, AuthorOsłowski, Stefan, AuthorPerrodin, Delphine, AuthorPetiteau, Antoine, AuthorPossenti, Andrea, AuthorPurver, Mark B., AuthorRosado, Pablo A., AuthorSmits, Roy, AuthorStappers, Ben, AuthorTheureau, Gilles, AuthorTiburzi, Caterina, AuthorVerbiest, Joris P. W., Author more..
Affiliations:
1Astrophysical Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society, ou_24013              

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Free keywords: Astrophysics, Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, astro-ph.CO, Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, astro-ph.IM
 Abstract: We present new limits on an isotropic stochastic gravitational-wave background (GWB) using a six pulsar dataset spanning 18 yr of observations from the 2015 European Pulsar Timing Array data release (Desvignes et al. in prep.). Performing a Bayesian analysis, we fit simultaneously for the intrinsic noise parameters for each pulsar in this dataset, along with common correlated signals including clock, and Solar System ephemeris errors to obtain a robust 95$\%$ upper limit on the dimensionless strain amplitude $A$ of the background of $A<3.0\times 10^{-15}$ at a reference frequency of $1\mathrm{yr^{-1}}$ and a spectral index of $13/3$, corresponding to a background from inspiralling super-massive black hole binaries, constraining the GW energy density to $\Omega_\mathrm{gw}(f)h^2 < 1.1\times10^{-9}$ at 2.8 nHz. We show that performing such an analysis when fixing the intrinsic noise parameters for the individual pulsars leads to an erroneously stringent upper limit, by a factor $\sim 1.7$. We obtain a difference in the logarithm of the Bayesian evidence between models that include either a correlated background, or uncorrelated common red noise of $-1.0 \pm 0.5$, indicating no support for the presence of a correlated GWB in this dataset. We discuss the implications of our analysis for the astrophysics of supermassive black hole binaries, and present 95$\%$ upper limits on the string tension, $G\mu/c^2$, characterising a background produced by a cosmic string network for a set of possible scenarios, and for a stochastic relic GWB. For a Nambu-Goto field theory cosmic string network, we set a limit $G\mu/c^2<1.3\times10^{-7}$, identical to that set by the Planck Collaboration, combining Planck and high-$\ell$ Cosmic Microwave Background data from other experiments. (Abridged)

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 Dates: 2015-04-142015-04-172015
 Publication Status: Issued
 Pages: 23 pages, 4 tables, 15 figures
 Publishing info: -
 Table of Contents: -
 Rev. Type: -
 Identifiers: arXiv: 1504.03692
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stv1538
 Degree: -

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Title: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
  Other : Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: Oxford : Oxford University Press
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 453 (3) Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 2576 - 2598 Identifier: ISSN: 1365-8711
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/1000000000024150