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  Monitoring the stress-level of rats with different types of anesthesia: A tail-artery cannulation protocol

Balla, D., Schwarz, S., Wiesner, H., Hennige, A., & Pohmann, R. (2014). Monitoring the stress-level of rats with different types of anesthesia: A tail-artery cannulation protocol. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, 70(1), 35-39. doi:10.1016/j.vascn.2014.03.003.

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Balla, DZ1, 2, Author           
Schwarz, Saskia1, 2, Author           
Wiesner, HM1, 2, Author           
Hennige, AM, Author
Pohmann, R1, 2, Author           
Affiliations:
1Department High-Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max Planck Society, ou_1497796              
2Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max Planck Society, ou_1497794              

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 Abstract: Introduction
Functional MRI in rats under anesthesia can largely minimize motion artifacts and attenuate the stress of the animal. However, two issues remain to be clarified and improved. First, fMRI results obtained with different anesthesia during surgical preparation and imaging show a large variability, which could be caused by the variable stress level of the rodents. Second, the most common surgical procedure used for anesthesia, blood gas analysis and mean arterial blood-pressure (MABP) monitoring is the femoral vein and artery catheterization that makes longitudinal studies difficult.
Methods
In order to examine the variability of the stress level with three different anesthesia protocols using isoflurane (Iso), medetomidine-ketamine (MK) or propofol-remifentanil (PR), we measured the plasma corticosterone (CORT) concentration with 125I-radioimmunoassay in blood samples collected prior to, immediately after and 60 min after surgery. Tail-artery and vein catheterization was adapted for long-term monitoring of MABP with periodic blood sampling and is proposed as a less invasive and technically simple alternative to femoral vessel catheterization in fMRI preparation protocols.
Results
We show that the CORT concentration depends on the anesthesia protocol with both alternatives providing more efficient stress reduction than the protocol using Iso. However, only the protocol using PR achieved a significant hormone reduction during surgery. Stress was not reliably manifested in changes in heart-rate and breathing-rate. Anesthesia and strain related changes in these two physiological parameters may be assigned to the pharmacological effects of the premedication and anesthetic agents. The results indicate also that MABP can be monitored over a long period of time (e.g. functional imaging session) through an arterial access point in the rat tail after cannulation with the proposed procedure.
Discussion and conclusion
Animals can experience stress during fMRI preparation protocols without obvious signs in commonly monitored physiological parameters. Our results challenge the efficiency of surgical protocols using Iso as mono-anesthetic agent, even when extended with topical analgesia. It was demonstrated that the CORT-based stress-level measurement through tail-artery cannulation can be used for developing anesthesia protocols (i.e. the presented PR protocol) when setting up future fMRI studies. The proposed surgical method for the tail is expected to facilitate longitudinal fMRI studies with permanent arterial access.

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 Dates: 2014-07
 Publication Status: Issued
 Pages: -
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 Rev. Type: -
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2014.03.003
BibTex Citekey: BallaSWHP2014
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Title: Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods
  Other : J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: New York, NY : Elsevier
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 70 (1) Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 35 - 39 Identifier: ISSN: 1056-8719
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/954927617004