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Schlagwörter:
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Zusammenfassung:
Global change, especially land-use intensification, affects human well-being by impacting the delivery
of multiple ecosystem services (multifunctionality). However, whether biodiversity loss is a
major component of global change effects on multifunctionality in real-world ecosystems, as in
experimental ones, remains unclear. Therefore, we assessed biodiversity, functional composition
and 14 ecosystem services on 150 agricultural grasslands differing in land-use intensity. We also
introduce five multifunctionality measures in which ecosystem services were weighted according to
realistic land-use objectives. We found that indirect land-use effects, i.e. those mediated by biodiversity
loss and by changes to functional composition, were as strong as direct effects on average.
Their strength varied with land-use objectives and regional context. Biodiversity loss explained
indirect effects in a region of intermediate productivity and was most damaging when land-use
objectives favoured supporting and cultural services. In contrast, functional composition shifts,
towards fast-growing plant species, strongly increased provisioning services in more inherently unproductive grasslands.
