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  Myelination of the Nervous System: Mechanisms and Functions

Nave, K.-A., & Werner, H. B. (2014). Myelination of the Nervous System: Mechanisms and Functions. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, 30, 503-533. doi:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100913-013101.

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 Creators:
Nave, Klaus-Armin1, Author           
Werner, Hauke B.1, Author           
Affiliations:
1Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Max Planck Society, ou_2173664              

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Free keywords: Oligodendrocyte; Schwann cell; Myelin sheath; Neural plasticity; Brain energy metabolism; Axoglial signaling
 Abstract: Myelination of axons in the nervous system of vertebrates enables fast, saltatory impulse propagation, one of the best-understood concepts in neurophysiology. However, it took a long while to recognize the mechanistic complexity both of myelination by oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells and of their cellular interactions. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of myelin biogenesis, its lifelong plasticity, and the reciprocal interactions of myelinating glia with the axons they ensheath. In the central nervous system, myelination is also stimulated by axonal activity and astrocytes, whereas myelin clearance involves microglia/macrophages. Once myelinated, the long-term integrity of axons depends on glial supply of metabolites and neurotrophic factors. The relevance of this axoglial symbiosis is illustrated in normal brain aging and human myelin diseases, which can be studied in corresponding mouse models. Thus, myelinating cells serve a key role in preserving the connectivity and functions of a healthy nervous system.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2014-10-11
 Publication Status: Issued
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 Rev. Type: Peer
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Title: Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology
  Abbreviation : Ann Rev Cell Dev Biol
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews Inc.
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 30 Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 503 - 533 Identifier: ISSN: 1081-0706
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/954927687740