ausblenden:
Schlagwörter:
-
Zusammenfassung:
Biofilms are complex, self-organized consortia of microorganisms that produce a functional,
protective matrix of biomolecules. Physically, the structure of a biofilm can be described
as an entangled polymer network which grows and changes under the effect of gradients
of nutrients, cell differentiation, quorum sensing, bacterial motion, and interaction with the
environment. Its development is complex, and constantly adapting to environmental stimuli.
Here, we review the fundamental physical processes that govern the inception, growth and
development of a biofilm. Two important mechanisms guide the initial phase in a biofilm
life-cycle: (i) the cell motility near or at a solid interface, and (ii) the cellular adhesion.
Both processes are crucial for initiating the colony and for ensuring its stability. A mature
biofilm behaves as a viscoelastic fluid with a complex, history-dependent dynamics. We
discuss progress and challenges in the determination of its physical properties. Experimental
and theoretical methods are now available that aim at integrating the biofilm
’
s hierarchy of
interactions, and the heterogeneity of composition and spatial structures. We also discuss
important directions in which future work should be directed.
