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  Expectations on hierarchical scales of discourse: Multifractality predicts both short- and long-range effects of violating gender expectations in text reading

Booth, C. R., Brown, H. L., Eason, E. G., Wallot, S., & Kelty-Stephen, D. G. (2018). Expectations on hierarchical scales of discourse: Multifractality predicts both short- and long-range effects of violating gender expectations in text reading. Discourse Processes, 55(1), 12-30. doi:10.1080/0163853X.2016.1197811.

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 Creators:
Booth, Chase R., Author
Brown, Hannah L., Author
Eason, Elizabeth G., Author
Wallot, Sebastian1, 2, Author                 
Kelty-Stephen, Damian G., Author
Affiliations:
1Department of Language and Literature, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Max Planck Society, ou_2421695              
2University Aarhus, Denmark, ou_persistent22              

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 Abstract: Reader expectations form across hierarchical scales of discourse (e.g., from coarse to fine: genre, narrative, syntax). Cross-scale interactivity produces word reading times (RTs) with multifractal structure. After introducing multifractals, we test two hypotheses regarding their relevance to reader expectations: (1) multifractal evidence of cross-scale interactions from RTs preceding violation of expectations would interact with mean reading speed to predict RTs immediately after the expectation violation and (2) postsurprise RTs would exhibit stronger cross-scale interactions. Thirty-four adult participants read one of two 2,000-word stories that used gender stereotypes to suggest that an ambiguously named protagonist was male. However, the stories postponed gender information until word 1,000: male in one story and female in the other. For slower readers, cross-scale interactions accentuated postreveal slowing but also minimized subsequent pausing over 15 postreveal RTs. Surprise strengthened cross-scale interactions over all postsurprise RTs. These results suggest that multifractality may index anticipation across multiple scales of discourse.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2016-08-112018-11
 Publication Status: Issued
 Pages: -
 Publishing info: -
 Table of Contents: -
 Rev. Type: Peer
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.1080/0163853X.2016.1197811
 Degree: -

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Title: Discourse Processes
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: New York, NY : Routledge; Taylor & Francis Group
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 55 (1) Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 12 - 30 Identifier: ISSN: 0163-853X
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/954925480576