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PERFORMANCE; THICKNESSChemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Ultra-thin Cu(ln,Ga)Se-2 solar cells; Ag nanoparticles; Thermal
stability; Al2O3 film; Atomic layer deposition;
Abstract:
Integration of plasmonic Ag nanoparticles as a back reflector in ultra-thin Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 (CIGSe) solar cells is investigated. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show that Ag nanoparticles underneath a Sn:In2O3 back contact could not be thermally passivated even at a low substrate temperature of 440 degrees C during CIGSe deposition. It is shown that a 50 nm thick Al2O3 film prepared by atomic layer deposition is able to block the diffusion of Ag, clearing the thermal obstacle in utilizing Ag nanoparticles as a back reflector in ultra-thin CIGSe solar cells. Via 3-D finite element optical simulation, it is proved that the Ag nanoparticles show the potential to contribute the effective absorption in CIGSe solar cells. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.