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  Structure–Activity–Stability Relationships for Space-Confined PtxNiy Nanoparticles in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Mezzavilla, S., Baldizzone, C., Swertz, A.-C., Hodnik, N., Pizzutilo, E., Polymeros, G., et al. (2016). Structure–Activity–Stability Relationships for Space-Confined PtxNiy Nanoparticles in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ACS Catalysis, 6(12), 8058-8068. doi:10.1021/acscatal.6b02221.

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Mezzavilla, Stefano1, Autor           
Baldizzone, Claudio2, Autor           
Swertz, Ann-Christin1, Autor           
Hodnik, Nejc2, Autor           
Pizzutilo, Enrico2, Autor           
Polymeros, George2, Autor           
Keeley, Gareth P.2, Autor           
Knossalla, Johannes1, Autor           
Heggen, Marc3, Autor           
Mayrhofer, Karl Johann Jakob2, Autor           
Schüth, Ferdi1, Autor           
Affiliations:
1Research Department Schüth, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Max Planck Society, ou_1445589              
2Electrocatalysis, Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max Planck Society, ou_1863354              
3Ernst Ruska Center for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Forschungzentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany, ou_persistent22              

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 Zusammenfassung: This study focuses on the synthesis and electrochemical performance (i.e, activity and stability) of advanced electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), made of Pt–Ni nanoparticles embedded in hollow graphitic spheres (HGS). The mechanism of the confined space alloying, that is, the controlled alloying of bimetallic precursors with different compositions (i.e., Pt3Ni, PtNi, and PtNi3) within the HGS mesoporous shell, was examined in detail. It was found that the presence of platinum during the reduction step, as well as the application of high annealing temperatures (at least 850 °C for 3.5h in Ar), are necessary conditions to achieve the complete encapsulation and the full stability of the catalysts. The evolution of the activity, the electrochemical surface area, and the residual alloy composition of the Pt–Ni@HGS catalysts was thoroughly monitored (at the macro- and nanoscale level) under different degradation conditions. After the initial activation, the embedded Pt–Ni nanoparticles (3–4 nm in size) yield mass activities that are 2- to 3.5-fold higher than that of pure Pt@HGS (depending on the alloy composition). Most importantly, it is demonstrated that under the normal operation range of an ORR catalyst in PEM-FCs (potential excursions between 0.4 and 1.0 VRHE) both the nanoparticle-related degradation pathways (particle agglomeration) and dealloying phenomena are effectively suppressed, irrespectively of the alloy composition. Thus, the initial enhanced activity is completely maintained over an extended degradation protocol. In addition, owing to the peculiar configuration of the catalysts consisting of space-confined nanoparticles, it was possible to elucidate the impact of the dealloying process (as a function of alloy composition and severity of the degradation protocols) separately from other parallel phenomena, providing valuable insight into this elusive degradation mechanism.

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Sprache(n): eng - English
 Datum: 2016-10-172016-12-02
 Publikationsstatus: Erschienen
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 Inhaltsverzeichnis: -
 Art der Begutachtung: Expertenbegutachtung
 Identifikatoren: DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02221
 Art des Abschluß: -

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Titel: ACS Catalysis
  Kurztitel : ACS Catal.
Genre der Quelle: Zeitschrift
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Ort, Verlag, Ausgabe: Washington, DC : ACS
Seiten: - Band / Heft: 6 (12) Artikelnummer: - Start- / Endseite: 8058 - 8068 Identifikator: ISSN: 2155-5435
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/2155-5435