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  Progression of pathology in PINK1-deficient mouse brain from splicing via ubiquitination, ER stress, and mitophagy changes to neuroinflammation

Torres-Odio, S., Key, J., Hoepken, H.-H., Canet-Pons, J., Valek, L., Roller, B., et al. (2017). Progression of pathology in PINK1-deficient mouse brain from splicing via ubiquitination, ER stress, and mitophagy changes to neuroinflammation. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 14(1): 14:154. doi:10.1186/s12974-017-0928-0.

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Torres-Odio, Sylvia , Author
Key, Jana, Author
Hoepken, Hans-Hermann , Author
Canet-Pons, Júlia , Author
Valek, Lucie , Author
Roller, Bastian, Author
Walter, Michael, Author
Morales-Gordo, Blas, Author
Meierhofer, David1, Author           
Harter, Patrick N. , Author
Mittelbronn, Michel, Author
Tegeder, Irmgard , Author
Gispert, Suzana , Author
Auburger, Georg , Author
Affiliations:
1Mass Spectrometry (Head: David Meierhofer), Scientific Service (Head: Christoph Krukenkamp), Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Society, ou_1479669              

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Free keywords: Parkinson’s disease, Ubiquitin kinase PINK1, Mitochondrial dysfunction, Antiviral response, Neuroinflammation
 Abstract: BACKGROUND: PINK1 deficiency causes the autosomal recessive PARK6 variant of Parkinson's disease. PINK1 activates ubiquitin by phosphorylation and cooperates with the downstream ubiquitin ligase PARKIN, to exert quality control and control autophagic degradation of mitochondria and of misfolded proteins in all cell types. METHODS: Global transcriptome profiling of mouse brain and neuron cultures were assessed in protein-protein interaction diagrams and by pathway enrichment algorithms. Validation by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunoblots was performed, including human neuroblastoma cells and patient primary skin fibroblasts. RESULTS: In a first approach, we documented Pink1-deleted mice across the lifespan regarding brain mRNAs. The expression changes were always subtle, consistently affecting "intracellular membrane-bounded organelles". Significant anomalies involved about 250 factors at age 6 weeks, 1300 at 6 months, and more than 3500 at age 18 months in the cerebellar tissue, including Srsf10, Ube3a, Mapk8, Creb3, and Nfkbia. Initially, mildly significant pathway enrichment for the spliceosome was apparent. Later, highly significant networks of ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and endoplasmic reticulum protein processing occurred. Finally, an enrichment of neuroinflammation factors appeared, together with profiles of bacterial invasion and MAPK signaling changes-while mitophagy had minor significance. Immunohistochemistry showed pronounced cellular response of Iba1-positive microglia and GFAP-positive astrocytes; brain lipidomics observed increases of ceramides as neuroinflammatory signs at old age. In a second approach, we assessed PINK1 deficiency in the presence of a stressor. Marked dysregulations of microbial defense factors Ifit3 and Rsad2 were consistently observed upon five analyses: (1) Pink1 -/- primary neurons in the first weeks after brain dissociation, (2) aged Pink1 -/- midbrain with transgenic A53T-alpha-synuclein overexpression, (3) human neuroblastoma cells with PINK1-knockdown and murine Pink1 -/- embryonal fibroblasts undergoing acute starvation, (4) triggering mitophagy in these cells with trifluoromethoxy carbonylcyanide phenylhydrazone (FCCP), and (5) subjecting them to pathogenic RNA-analogue poly(I:C). The stress regulation of MAVS, RSAD2, DDX58, IFIT3, IFIT1, and LRRK2 was PINK1 dependent. Dysregulation of some innate immunity genes was also found in skin fibroblast cells from PARK6 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, an individual biomarker with expression correlating to progression was not identified. Instead, more advanced disease stages involved additional pathways. Hence, our results identify PINK1 deficiency as an early modulator of innate immunity in neurons, which precedes late stages of neuroinflammation during alpha-synuclein spreading.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2017-07-262017-08-02
 Publication Status: Published online
 Pages: -
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 Table of Contents: -
 Rev. Type: -
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0928-0
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Title: Journal of Neuroinflammation
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: BioMed Central
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 14 (1) Sequence Number: 14:154 Start / End Page: - Identifier: -