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  Sulfide oxidation in marine sediments: Geochemistry meets microbiology

Jørgensen, B., & Nelson, D. (2004). Sulfide oxidation in marine sediments: Geochemistry meets microbiology. In J. P. Amend, K. J. Edwards, a. T. W. Lyons, & Geological Society of America (Eds.), Sulfur Biogeochemistry – Past and Present (pp. 63-81). Boulder, Colorado: Geological Society of America.

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Bo Barker Jørgensen_a.pdf (Publisher version), 347KB
 
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 Creators:
Jørgensen, B.B.1, Author           
Nelson, D.C., Author
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1Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Max Planck Society, ou_2481693              

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 Abstract: The main pathways of sulfide oxidation in marine sediments involve complex interactions of chemical reaction and microbial metabolism. Sulfide becomes partly oxidized and bound by Fe(III), and the resulting iron-sulfur minerals are transported toward the oxic sediment-water interface by bioturbating and irrigating fauna. Although oxygen is the main oxidant for pyrite or amorphous iron sulfide, oxidation reactions may also take place with nitrate or manganese oxide. Intermediate oxidation products such as elemental sulfur or thiosulfate undergo disproportionation reactions and thereby provide shunts in the sedimentary sulfur cycle. Although of widespread occurrence, chemolithoautotrophic sulfide oxidizing bacteria, such as Thiobacillus spp. or Thiomicrospira spp., appear to be of minor significance relative to heterotrophic or mixotrophic sulfide oxidizers of diverse phylogenetic lineages. As a unique group, the large sulfur bacteria of the genera Beggiatoa, Thioploca, and Thiomargarita have developed specialized modes of sulfide oxidation using nitrate stored in intracellular vacuoles. By commuting between electron acceptor and donor, or by temporally bridging their occurrences in the environment through a great storage potential for both nitrate and elemental sulfur, these bacteria compete efficiently with other microbial pathways of sulfide oxidation. Dissimilatory nitrate reduction in these bacteria leads preferentially to ammonium rather than to dinitrogen, as in the denitrifying bacteria. Beggiatoa appears to be widely distributed in coastal sediments with a high organic load. In such sediments where Beggiatoa often occurs unnoticed in the anoxic, oxidized zone rather than growing as a visible mat on the sediment surface, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium may dominate over denitrification.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2004
 Publication Status: Issued
 Pages: 21
 Publishing info: -
 Table of Contents: -
 Rev. Type: Peer
 Identifiers: eDoc: 229431
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Title: Sulfur Biogeochemistry – Past and Present
Source Genre: Book
 Creator(s):
Amend, J. P., Editor
Edwards, K. J., Editor
Lyons, and T. W., Editor
Geological Society of America, Editor              
Affiliations:
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Publ. Info: Boulder, Colorado : Geological Society of America
Pages: - Volume / Issue: - Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 63 - 81 Identifier: -