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  Hypermyelination of the left auditory cortex in developmental dyslexia

Skeide, M. A., Bazin, P.-L., Trampel, R., Schäfer, A., Männel, C., von Kriegstein, K., et al. (2018). Hypermyelination of the left auditory cortex in developmental dyslexia. Neurology, 90(6), e492-e497. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000004931.

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 Creators:
Skeide, Michael A.1, Author           
Bazin, Pierre-Louis2, Author           
Trampel, Robert3, Author           
Schäfer, Andreas3, Author           
Männel, Claudia1, Author           
von Kriegstein, Katharina4, Author           
Friederici, Angela D.1, Author           
Affiliations:
1Department Neuropsychology, MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Max Planck Society, ou_634551              
2Department Neurology, MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Max Planck Society, ou_634549              
3Department Neurophysics (Weiskopf), MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Max Planck Society, ou_2205649              
4Max Planck Research Group Neural Mechanisms of Human Communication, MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Max Planck Society, ou_634556              

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 Abstract: Objective: Cortical malformations are documented postmortem in speech processing areas of the dyslexic human brain. The goal of this pilot study was to find out if such anatomic anomalies can be detected noninvasively and in vivo.

Methods We developed a reconstruction of left perisylvian cortex profiles at a resolution of 400 μm using T1 data acquired with ultra-high-field MRI at 7T. Cortical thickness, myelinated cortical thickness, and layer-wise myelination were then compared in 6 men with developmental dyslexia and 6 healthy controls matched for age, sex, handedness, education level, and nonverbal IQ.

Results: Compared to healthy controls, dyslexic individuals showed comparable cortical thickness (t[1,10] = 1.98, p = 0.311) but significantly increased myelinated cortical thickness ratio (t[1,10] = 3.85, p = 0.013, familywise error–corrected, Cohen d = 2.03), resulting in an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.944 (p = 0.010, standard error 0.067, 95% confidence interval 0.814–1). Moreover, T1 relaxation, especially in layer IV of the left auditory cortex, was also significantly increased (t[1,10] = 3.32, p = 0.043, familywise–error corrected, Cohen d = 1.67).

Conclusions: Our findings provide critical insights into the neurobiological manifestation of the most common learning disorder and suggest that our approach might also shed new light on other neurodevelopmental disorders associated with cortical abnormalities.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2017-07-282017-10-272018-01-18
 Publication Status: Published online
 Pages: -
 Publishing info: -
 Table of Contents: -
 Rev. Type: Peer
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000004931
PMID: 29321232
Other: Epub 2018
 Degree: -

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Funding organization : Max Planck Society
Project name : The tiny and the fast: The role of subcortical sensory structures in human communication / SENSOCOM
Grant ID : 647051
Funding program : Horizon 2020
Funding organization : European Commission (EC)

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Title: Neurology
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: Cleveland, Ohio [etc.] : Advanstar Communications [etc.]
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 90 (6) Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: e492 - e497 Identifier: ISSN: 0028-3878
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/954925246073