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要旨:
Airborne measurements of CO2, CO, and CH4 proposed in the context of IAGOS (In-service Aircraft for a Global
Observing System) will provide profiles from take-off and landing of airliners in the vicinity of major metropolitan areas
useful for constraining sources and sinks. A proposed improvement of the top-down method to constrain sources and sinks is
the use of a multispecies inversion. Different species such as CO2 and CO have partially overlapping emission patterns for
given fuel-combustion related sectors, and thus share part of the uncertainties, both related to the a priori knowledge of
emissions, and to model-data mismatch error. We use a regional modeling framework consisting of the Lagrangian particle
dispersion model STILT (Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport), combined with high resolution (10 km x 10 km)
EDGARv4.3 (Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research) emission inventory, differentiated by emission sector
and fuel type for CO2, CO, and CH4, and combined with the VPRM (Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model) for biospheric fluxes of CO2. Applying the modeling framework to synthetic IAGOS profile observations, we evaluate the
benefits of using correlations between different species’ uncertainties on the performance of the atmospheric inversion. The
available IAGOS CO observations are used to validate the modeling framework. Prior uncertainty values are conservatively
assumed to be 20%, for CO2 and 50% for CO and CH4, while those for, GEE (Gross Ecosystem Exchange) and respiration
are derived from existing literature. Uncertainty reduction for different species is evaluated on a domain encircling 50% of the profile observations’ surface influence over Europe. We found that our modeling framework reproduces the CO
observations with an average correlation of 0.56, but simulates lower mixing ratios by a factor 2.8, reflecting a low bias in
the emission inventory. Mean uncertainty reduction achieved for CO2 fossil fuel emissions is roughly 37%; for
photosynthesis and respiration flux it is 41% and 45%, respectively. For CO and CH4 the uncertainty reduction is roughly
63% and 67%, respectively. Considering correlation between different species, posterior uncertainty can be reduced by up to 23%; such reduction depends on the assumed error structure of the prior and on the considered timeframe. The study
suggests a significant uncertainty constraint on regional emissions using multi-species inversions of IAGOS in situ observations.
