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  Amplified striatal responses to near-miss outcomes in pathological gamblers

Sescousse, G., Janssen, L., Hashemi, M., Timmer, M. H. M., Guerts, D. E. M., ter Huurne, N. P., et al. (2016). Amplified striatal responses to near-miss outcomes in pathological gamblers. Neuropsychopharmacology, 41(10), 2614-2623. doi:10.1038/npp.2016.43.

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Sescousse, Guillaume1, Author
Janssen, Lieneke1, Author           
Hashemi, Mahur1, Author
Timmer, Monique H. M.1, Author
Guerts, Dirk E. M.1, Author
ter Huurne, Niels P.1, Author
Clark, Luke1, Author
Cools, Roshan1, Author
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1External Organizations, ou_persistent22              

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 Abstract: Near-misses in gambling games are losing events that come close to a win. Near-misses were previously shown to recruit reward-related brain regions including the ventral striatum, and to invigorate gambling behavior, supposedly by fostering an illusion of control. Given that pathological gamblers are particularly vulnerable to such cognitive illusions, their persistent gambling behavior might result from an amplified striatal sensitivity to near-misses. In addition, animal studies have shown that behavioral responses to near-miss-like events are sensitive to dopamine, but this dopaminergic influence has not been tested in humans. To investigate these hypotheses, we recruited 22 pathological gamblers and 22 healthy controls who played a slot machine task delivering wins, near-misses and full-misses, inside an fMRI scanner. Each participant played the task twice, once under placebo and once under a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist (sulpiride 400 mg), in a double-blind, counter-balanced design. Participants were asked about their motivation to continue gambling throughout the task. Across all participants, near-misses elicited higher motivation to continue gambling and increased striatal responses compared with full-misses. Crucially, pathological gamblers showed amplified striatal responses to near-misses compared with controls. These group differences were not observed following win outcomes. In contrast to our hypothesis, sulpiride did not induce any reliable modulation of brain responses to near-misses. Together, our results demonstrate that pathological gamblers have amplified brain responses to near-misses, which likely contribute to their persistent gambling behavior. However, there is no evidence that these responses are influenced by dopamine. These results have implications for treatment and gambling regulation.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2016-02-172015-12-182016-03-182016-03-232016-09
 Publication Status: Issued
 Pages: -
 Publishing info: -
 Table of Contents: -
 Rev. Type: Peer
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.43
PMID: 27006113
Other: Epub 2016
PMC: PMC4987843
 Degree: -

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Title: Neuropsychopharmacology
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: New York, NY : No longer published by Elsevier
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 41 (10) Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 2614 - 2623 Identifier: ISSN: 0893-133X
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/954925558485