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The microscopic mechanism for thermodiffusion or the Ludwig-Soret effect is investigated for a single charged colloidal particle. For the specific example of a charged permeable membrane, the different forces arising from the interplay between electrostatic interaction and entropy are identified and their magnitudes are calculated in both no-salt and salt-saturated limits. The competition between these forces, which is controlled by the salt density, is shown to decide the direction of motion for the colloids. © 2005 IOP Publishing Ltd.
