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  BCIs That Use Brain Metabolic Signals

Sitaram, R., Lee, S., & Birbaumer, N. (2012). BCIs That Use Brain Metabolic Signals. In J. Wolpaw, & E. Winter Wolpaw (Eds.), Brain–Computer Interfaces: Principles and Practice (pp. 301-314). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

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 Creators:
Sitaram, R1, 2, Author           
Lee, S1, 2, Author           
Birbaumer, N, Author
Affiliations:
1Department Physiology of Cognitive Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max Planck Society, ou_1497798              
2Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max Planck Society, ou_1497794              

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 Abstract: Most brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) currently under development use the brain's electrical signals. Nevertheless, nonelectrical metabolic signals also have potential for use in BCI development. Two methods currently available for measuring brain metabolic activity that are of greatest immediate interest for BCI development are: functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). fNIRS has the advantages of being noninvasive and inexpensive. fMRI has the advantages of being noninvasive and providing very high spatial resolution. This chapter focuses on BCIs based on fNIRS and fMRI methods. It reviews the fundamental principles underlying their use, the factors important in their use for BCIs, the kinds of BCI applications that are most promising, and possible future directions and challenges.

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 Dates: 2012-05
 Publication Status: Issued
 Pages: -
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 Table of Contents: -
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Title: Brain–Computer Interfaces: Principles and Practice
Source Genre: Book
 Creator(s):
Wolpaw , J, Editor
Winter Wolpaw , E, Editor
Affiliations:
-
Publ. Info: Oxford, UK : Oxford University Press
Pages: - Volume / Issue: - Sequence Number: 018 Start / End Page: 301 - 314 Identifier: ISBN: 978-019993268-9