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  The association between unemployment and depression: Results from the population-based LIFE-adult-study

Zuelke, A. E., Luck, T., Schroeter, M. L., Witte, A. V., Hinz, A., Engel, C., et al. (2018). The association between unemployment and depression: Results from the population-based LIFE-adult-study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 235, 399-406. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.073.

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 Creators:
Zuelke, Andrea E.1, Author
Luck, Tobias1, 2, 3, Author
Schroeter, Matthias L.4, 5, Author           
Witte, A. Veronica4, Author           
Hinz, Andreas6, Author
Engel, Christoph7, Author
Enzenbach, Cornelia7, Author
Zachariae, Silke3, 7, Author
Loeffler, Markus7, Author
Thiery, Joachim8, Author
Villringer, Arno4, 5, Author           
Riedel-Heller, Steffi G.1, Author
Affiliations:
1Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University Hospital Leipzig, Germany, ou_persistent22              
2Department of Economic & Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Nordhausen, Germany, ou_persistent22              
3Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), University of Leipzig, Germany, ou_persistent22              
4Department Neurology, MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Max Planck Society, ou_634549              
5Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Germany, ou_persistent22              
6Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Germany, ou_persistent22              
7Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Germany, ou_persistent22              
8Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics (ILM), University of Leipzig, Germany, ou_persistent22              

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Free keywords: CES-D; Depression; Gender; Mental health; Population-based; Unemployment
 Abstract: BACKGROUND:
Unemployment is a risk factor for impaired mental health. Based on a large population-based sample, in this study we therefore sought to provide detailed information on the association between unemployment and depression including information on (i) differences between men and women, (ii) differences between different types of unemployment, and (iii) on the impact of material and social resources on the association.
METHODS:
We studied 4,842 participants (18-65 years) of the population-based LIFE-Adult-Study. Depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Employment status was divided into three groups: being employed, being unemployed receiving entitlement-based benefits, being unemployed receiving means-tested benefits. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to assess the association between employment status and depression.
RESULTS:
Statistically significantly increased depression risk was solely found for unemployed persons receiving means-tested benefits. Adjusting for differences in sociodemographic factors, net personal income and risk of social isolation, comparable associations of being unemployed and receiving means-tested benefits with elevated depression risk were found for men (Odds Ratio/OR = 2.17, 95%-CI = 1.03-4.55) and women (OR = 1.98, 95%-CI:1.22-3.20).
LIMITATIONS:
No conclusions regarding causality can be drawn due to the cross-sectional study design. It was not possible to assess length of unemployment spells.
CONCLUSION:
Unemployed persons receiving means-tested benefits in Germany constitute a risk group for depression that needs specific attention in the health care and social security system. The negative impact of unemployment on depression risk cannot be explained solely by differences in material and social resources. Contrasting earlier results, women are equally affected as men.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2018-03-132017-12-182018-04-072018-04-102018-08-01
 Publication Status: Issued
 Pages: -
 Publishing info: -
 Table of Contents: -
 Rev. Type: Peer
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.073
PMID: 29677604
Other: Epub 2018
 Degree: -

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Project name : -
Grant ID : -
Funding program : -
Funding organization : LIFE – Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig
Project name : -
Grant ID : -
Funding program : European Social Fund
Funding organization : European Commission (EC)
Project name : -
Grant ID : -
Funding program : -
Funding organization : Free State of Saxony
Project name : -
Grant ID : -
Funding program : European Regional Development Fund
Funding organization : European Commission (EC)

Source 1

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Title: Journal of Affective Disorders
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: Amsterdam : Elsevier
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 235 Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 399 - 406 Identifier: ISSN: 0165-0327
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/954925480595