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  Axial tubule junctions activate atrial Ca2+ release across species

Brandenburg, S., Pawlowitz, J., Fakuade, F. E., Kownatzki-Danger, D., Kohl, T., Mitronova, G., et al. (2018). Axial tubule junctions activate atrial Ca2+ release across species. Frontiers in Physiology, 9: 1227. doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01227.

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Other : Axial tubule junctions activate atrial Ca2+ release across species

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Brandenburg, S., Author
Pawlowitz, J., Author
Fakuade, F. E., Author
Kownatzki-Danger, D., Author
Kohl, T., Author
Mitronova, G.1, Author           
Scardigli, M., Author
Neef, J., Author
Schmidt, C., Author
Wiedmann, F., Author
Pavone, F. S., Author
Sacconi, L., Author
Kutschka, I., Author
Sossalla, S., Author
Moser, T.2, Author           
Voigt, N., Author
Lehnart, S. E., Author
Affiliations:
1Department of NanoBiophotonics, MPI for biophysical chemistry, Max Planck Society, ou_578627              
2Research Group of Synaptic Nanophysiology, MPI for Biophysical Chemistry, Max Planck Society, ou_2205655              

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Free keywords: atria; atrial myocyte; axial tubule; calcium; heart; ryanodine receptor
 Abstract: Rationale: Recently, abundant axial tubule (AT) membrane structures were identified deep inside atrial myocytes (AMs). Upon excitation, ATs rapidly activate intracellular Ca2+ release and sarcomeric contraction through extensive AT junctions, a cell-specific atrial mechanism. While AT junctions with the sarcoplasmic reticulum contain unusually large clusters of ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) Ca2+ release channels in mouse AMs, it remains unclear if similar protein networks and membrane structures exist across species, particularly those relevant for atrial disease modeling.

Objective: To examine and quantitatively analyze the architecture of AT membrane structures and associated Ca2+ signaling proteins across species from mouse to human.

Methods and Results: We developed superresolution microscopy (nanoscopy) strategies for intact live AMs based on a new custom-made photostable cholesterol dye and immunofluorescence imaging of membraneous structures and membrane proteins in fixed tissue sections from human, porcine, and rodent atria. Consistently, in mouse, rat, and rabbit AMs, intact cell-wide tubule networks continuous with the surface membrane were observed, mainly composed of ATs. Moreover, co-immunofluorescence nanoscopy showed L-type Ca2+ channel clusters adjacent to extensive junctional RyR2 clusters at ATs. However, only junctional RyR2 clusters were highly phosphorylated and may thus prime Ca2+ release at ATs, locally for rapid signal amplification. While the density of the integrated L-type Ca2+ current was similar in human and mouse AMs, the intracellular Ca2+ transient showed quantitative differences. Importantly, local intracellular Ca2+ release from AT junctions occurred through instantaneous action potential propagation via transverse tubules (TTs) from the surface membrane. Hence, sparse TTs were sufficient as electrical conduits for rapid activation of Ca2+ release through ATs. Nanoscopy of atrial tissue sections confirmed abundant ATs as the major network component of AMs, particularly in human atrial tissue sections.

Conclusion: AT junctions represent a conserved, cell-specific membrane structure for rapid excitation-contraction coupling throughout a representative spectrum of species including human. Since ATs provide the major excitable membrane network component in AMs, a new model of atrial "super-hub" Ca2+ signaling may apply across biomedically relevant species, opening avenues for future investigations about atrial disease mechanisms and therapeutic targeting.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2018-10-08
 Publication Status: Issued
 Pages: -
 Publishing info: -
 Table of Contents: -
 Rev. Type: Peer
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01227
 Degree: -

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Title: Frontiers in Physiology
Source Genre: Journal
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Pages: 21 Volume / Issue: 9 Sequence Number: 1227 Start / End Page: - Identifier: -