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  Revisiting Panda 100, the first archaeological chimpanzee nut-cracking site

Proffitt, T., Haslam, M., Mercader, J., Boesch, C., & Luncz, L. V. (2018). Revisiting Panda 100, the first archaeological chimpanzee nut-cracking site. Journal of Human Evolution, 124, 117-139. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.04.016.

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 Creators:
Proffitt, T., Author
Haslam, M., Author
Mercader, J.F., Author
Boesch, Christophe1, Author           
Luncz, Lydia V.2, Author           
Affiliations:
1Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society, ou_1497674              
2External Organizations, ou_persistent22              

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Free keywords: Primate archaeology; Lithic analysis; Primate tool use; Percussive technology; Refit; Pan troglodytes verus
 Abstract: Archaeological recovery of chimpanzee Panda oleosa nut cracking tools at the Panda 100 (P100) and Noulo sites in the Taï Forest, Côte d'Ivoire, showed that this behavior is over 4000 years old, making it the oldest known evidence of non-human tool use. In 2002, the first report on the lithic material from P100 was directly compared to early hominin stone tools, highlighting their similarities and proposing the name ‘Pandan’ for the chimpanzee material. Here we present an expanded and comprehensive technological, microscopic, and refit analysis of the late twentieth century lithic assemblage from P100. Our re-analysis provides new data and perspectives on the applicability of chimpanzee nut cracking tools to our understanding of the percussive behaviors of early hominins. We identify several new refit sets, including the longest (>17 m) hammerstone transport seen in the chimpanzee archaeological record. We provide detailed evidence of the fragmentation sequences of Panda nut hammerstones, and characterize the percussive damage on fragmented material from P100. Finally, we emphasize that the chimpanzee lithic archaeological record is dynamic, with the preservation of actual hammerstones being rare, and the preservation of small broken pieces more common. P100 – the first archaeological chimpanzee nut cracking lithic assemblage – provides a valuable comparative sample by which to identify past chimpanzee behavior elsewhere, as well as similar hominin percussive behavior in the Early Stone Age.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2018-09-182018-11
 Publication Status: Issued
 Pages: 23
 Publishing info: -
 Table of Contents: -
 Rev. Type: Peer
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.04.016
 Degree: -

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Title: Journal of Human Evolution
  Other : J. Hum. Evol.
Source Genre: Journal
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Affiliations:
Publ. Info: London : Academic Press
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 124 Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 117 - 139 Identifier: ISSN: 0047-2484
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/954922647065