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Abstract:
We demonstrate a method for general linear optical networks that allows one to factorize any SU(n) matrix in terms of two SU(n−1) blocks coupled by an SU(2) entangling beam splitter. The process can be recursively continued in an efficient way, ending in a tidy arrangement of SU(2) transformations. The method hinges only on a linear relationship between input and output states, and can thus be applied to a variety of scenarios, such as microwaves, acoustics, and quantum fields.
