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  Evaluating the effect of alternative carbon allocation schemes in a land surface model (CLM4.5) on carbon fluxes, pools, and turnover in temperate forests

Montane, F., Fox, A. M., Arellano, A. F., MacBean, N., Alexander, M. R., Dye, A., et al. (2017). Evaluating the effect of alternative carbon allocation schemes in a land surface model (CLM4.5) on carbon fluxes, pools, and turnover in temperate forests. Geoscientific Model Development, 10(9), 3499-3517. doi:10.5194/gmd-10-3499-2017.

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Item Permalink: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0003-398F-D Version Permalink: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000A-5029-E
Genre: Journal Article

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 Creators:
Montane, Francesc1, Author
Fox, Andrew M.1, Author
Arellano, Avelino F.1, Author
MacBean, Natasha1, Author
Alexander, M. Ross1, Author
Dye, Alex1, Author
Bishop, Daniel A.1, Author
Trouet, Valerie1, Author
Babst, Flurin1, Author
Hessl, Amy E.1, Author
Pederson, Neil1, Author
Blanken, Peter D.1, Author
Bohrer, Gil1, Author
Gough, Christopher M.1, Author
Litvak, Marcy E.1, Author
Novick, Kimberly A.1, Author
Phillips, Richard P.1, Author
Wood, Jeffrey D.1, Author
Moore, David J. P.1, Author
Affiliations:
1External Organizations, ou_persistent22              

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Free keywords: Earth Observations; Essential Ecosystem Variables
 Abstract: How carbon (C) is allocated to different plant tissues (leaves, stem, and roots) determines how long C remains in plant biomass and thus remains a central challenge for understanding the global C cycle. We used a diverse set of observations (AmeriFlux eddy covariance tower observations, biomass estimates from tree-ring data, and leaf area index (LAI) measurements) to compare C fluxes, pools, and LAI data with those predicted by a land surface model (LSM), the Community Land Model (CLM4.5). We ran CLM4.5 for nine temperate (including evergreen and deciduous) forests in North America between 1980 and 2013 using four different C allocation schemes:
i. dynamic C allocation scheme (named "D-CLM4.5") with one dynamic allometric parameter, which allocates C to the stem and leaves to vary in time as a function of annual net primary production (NPP);
ii. an alternative dynamic C allocation scheme (named "D-Litton"), where, similar to (i), C allocation is a dynamic function of annual NPP, but unlike (i) includes two dynamic allometric parameters involving allocation to leaves, stem, and coarse roots;
iii.-iv. a fixed C allocation scheme with two variants, one representative of observations in evergreen (named "F-Evergreen") and the other of observations in deciduous forests (named "F-Deciduous").
D-CLM4.5 generally overestimated gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration, and underestimated net ecosystem exchange (NEE). In D-CLM4.5, initial aboveground biomass in 1980 was largely overestimated (between 10 527 and 12 897 g Cm-2) for deciduous forests, whereas aboveground biomass accumulation through time (between 1980 and 2011) was highly underestimated (between 1222 and 7557 gCm(-2)) for both evergreen and deciduous sites due to a lower stem turnover rate in the sites than the one used in the model. D-CLM4.5 overestimated LAI in both evergreen and deciduous sites because the leaf C-LAI relationship in the model did not match the observed leaf C-LAI relationship at our sites. Although the four C allocation schemes gave similar results for aggregated C fluxes, they translated to important differences in long-term aboveground biomass accumulation and aboveground NPP. For deciduous forests, D-Litton gave more realistic C-stem/C-leaf ratios and strongly reduced the overestimation of initial aboveground biomass and aboveground NPP for deciduous forests by D-CLM4.5. We identified key structural and parameterization deficits that need refinement to improve the accuracy of LSMs in the near future. These include changing how C is allocated in fixed and dynamic schemes based on data from current forest syntheses and different parameterization of allocation schemes for different forest types. Our results highlight the utility of using measurements of aboveground biomass to evaluate and constrain the C allocation scheme in LSMs, and suggest that stem turnover is overestimated by CLM4.5 for these AmeriFlux sites. Understanding the controls of turnover will be critical to improving long-term C processes in LSMs.

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 Dates: 2017
 Publication Status: Issued
 Pages: -
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 Rev. Type: -
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.5194/gmd-10-3499-2017
Other: BEX675
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Project name : BACI
Grant ID : 640176
Funding program : Horizon 2020 (H2020)
Funding organization : European Commission (EC)

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Title: Geoscientific Model Development
  Other : Geosci. Model Dev.
  Abbreviation : GMD
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: Göttingen : Copernicus Publ.
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 10 (9) Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 3499 - 3517 Identifier: ISSN: 1991-959X
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/1991-959X