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要旨:
We present the global research landscape which aims to deliver a measurement infrastructure to
underpin atmospheric observations of key greenhouse gases governing changes in the Earth’s climate. These
measurements present a significant challenge to the metrological community, analytical laboratories and major
producers of reference materials. The review focuses on the progress made in the Gas Analysis Working Group
of the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance: Metrology in Chemistry and Biology (CCQM-GAWG) in
establishing the primary realisation of the amount-of-substance fraction for carbon dioxide, methane and
nitrous oxide in an air matrix. It also focuses on the importance of providing traceable measurements of isotopic
composition of these components for commutability of reference materials and for isotope ratio measurements
for greenhouse gas source attribution. The review examines the developments in the Global Atmosphere Watch
(GAW) Programme of the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) for providing the framework for the
development and implementation of integrated greenhouse gas observations, which is vital for understanding
the global carbon cycle and the role greenhouse gases play in climate change. The developments in analytical
techniques are also discussed which have shaped the direction of the metrology required to meet the evolving
and future needs of stakeholders.
