Loss of the Martian atmosphere to space: Present-day loss rates determined from 
MAVEN observations and integrated loss through time

Jakosky, B.M.; Brain, D.; Chaffin, M.; Curry, S.; Deighan, J.; Grebowsky, J.; Halekas, J.; Leblanc, F.; Lillis, R.; Luhmann, J.G.; Andersson, L.; Andre, N.; Andrews, D.; Baird, D.; Baker, D.; Bell, J.; Benna, M.; Bhattacharyya, D.; Bougher, S.; Bowers, C.; Chamberlin, P.; Chaufray, J.-Y.; Clarke, J.; Collinson, G.; Combi, M.; Connerney, J.; Connour, K.; Correira, J.; Crabb, K.; Crary, F.; Cravens, T.; Crismani, M.; Delory, G.; Dewey, R.; DiBraccio, G.; Dong, C.; Dong, Y.; Dunn, P.; Egan, H.; Elrod, M.; England, S.; Eparvier, F.; Ergun, R.; Eriksson, A.; Esman, T.; Espley, J.; Evans, S.; Fallows, K.; Fang, X.; Fillingim, M.; Flynn, B.; Fogle, A.; Fowler, B.; Fox, J.; Fujimoto, M.; Garnier, P.; Girazian, Z.; Groeller, H.; Gruesbeck, J.; Hamil, O.; Hanley, K.G.; Hara, T.; Harada, Y.; Hermann, J.; Holmberg, M.; Holsclaw, G.; Houston, S.; Inui, S.; Jain, S.; Jolitz, R.; Kotova, A.; Kuroda, T.; Larson, C.; Lee, Y.; Lee, D.; Lefevre, E.; Lentz, B.; Lo, C.; Lugo, R.; Ma, Y.-J.; Mahaffy, P.; Marquette, M.L.; Matsumoto, Y.; Mayyasi, M.; Mazelle, D.; McClintock, W.; McFadden, J.; Medvedev, Alexander S.; Mendillo, M.; Meziane, K.; Milby, Z.; Mitchell, E.; Modolo, R.; Montmessin, F.; Nagy, A.; Nakagawa, G.; Narvaez, B.; Olsen, K.; Pawlowski, C.; Peterson, W.; Rahmati, A.; Roeten, K.; Romanelli, N.; Ruhunusiri, S.; Russell, B.; Sakai, S.; Schneider, N.; Seki, K.; Sharrar, R.; Shaver, S.; Siskind, D.E.; Slipski, M.; Soobiah, Y.; Steckiewicz, M.; Stevens, M.H.; Stewart, H.; Stiepen, A.; Stone, S.; Tenishev, V.; Terada, N.; Terada, K.; Thiemann, D.; Tolson, R.; Toth, F.; Trovato, I.; Vogt, M.; Weber, T.; Withers, P.; Xu, S.; Yelle, R.; Yiğit, E.; Zurek, R.

doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2018.05.030

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Loss of the Martian atmosphere to space: Present-day loss rates determined from MAVEN observations and integrated loss through time

Jakosky, B., Brain, D., Chaffin, M., Curry, S., Deighan, J., Grebowsky, J., et al. (2018). Loss of the Martian atmosphere to space: Present-day loss rates determined from MAVEN observations and integrated loss through time. Icarus, 315, 146-157. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2018.05.030.

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Item Permalink: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0003-B6BC-C Version Permalink: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0003-B6BD-B

Genre: Journal Article

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Jakosky, B.M., Author
Brain, D., Author
Chaffin, M., Author
Curry, S., Author
Deighan, J., Author
Grebowsky, J., Author
Halekas, J., Author
Leblanc, F., Author
Lillis, R., Author
Luhmann, J.G., Author
Andersson, L., Author
Andre, N., Author
Andrews, D., Author
Baird, D., Author
Baker, D., Author
Bell, J., Author
Benna, M., Author
Bhattacharyya, D., Author
Bougher, S., Author
Bowers, C., Author
Chamberlin, P., AuthorChaufray, J.-Y., AuthorClarke, J., AuthorCollinson, G., AuthorCombi, M., AuthorConnerney, J., AuthorConnour, K., AuthorCorreira, J., AuthorCrabb, K., AuthorCrary, F., AuthorCravens, T., AuthorCrismani, M., AuthorDelory, G., AuthorDewey, R., AuthorDiBraccio, G., AuthorDong, C., AuthorDong, Y., AuthorDunn, P., AuthorEgan, H., AuthorElrod, M., AuthorEngland, S., AuthorEparvier, F., AuthorErgun, R., AuthorEriksson, A., AuthorEsman, T., AuthorEspley, J., AuthorEvans, S., AuthorFallows, K., AuthorFang, X., AuthorFillingim, M., AuthorFlynn, B., AuthorFogle, A., AuthorFowler, B., AuthorFox, J., AuthorFujimoto, M., AuthorGarnier, P., AuthorGirazian, Z., AuthorGroeller, H., AuthorGruesbeck, J., AuthorHamil, O., AuthorHanley, K.G., AuthorHara, T., AuthorHarada, Y., AuthorHermann, J., AuthorHolmberg, M., AuthorHolsclaw, G., AuthorHouston, S., AuthorInui, S., AuthorJain, S., AuthorJolitz, R., AuthorKotova, A., AuthorKuroda, T., AuthorLarson, C., AuthorLee, Y., AuthorLee, D., AuthorLefevre, E., AuthorLentz, B., AuthorLo, C., AuthorLugo, R., AuthorMa, Y.-J., AuthorMahaffy, P., AuthorMarquette, M.L., AuthorMatsumoto, Y., AuthorMayyasi, M., AuthorMazelle, D., AuthorMcClintock, W., AuthorMcFadden, J., AuthorMedvedev, Alexander S.¹, Author Mendillo, M., AuthorMeziane, K., AuthorMilby, Z., AuthorMitchell, E., AuthorModolo, R., AuthorMontmessin, F., AuthorNagy, A., AuthorNakagawa, G., AuthorNarvaez, B., AuthorOlsen, K., AuthorPawlowski, C., AuthorPeterson, W., AuthorRahmati, A., AuthorRoeten, K., AuthorRomanelli, N., AuthorRuhunusiri, S., AuthorRussell, B., AuthorSakai, S., AuthorSchneider, N., AuthorSeki, K., AuthorSharrar, R., AuthorShaver, S., AuthorSiskind, D.E., AuthorSlipski, M., AuthorSoobiah, Y., AuthorSteckiewicz, M., AuthorStevens, M.H., AuthorStewart, H., AuthorStiepen, A., AuthorStone, S., AuthorTenishev, V., AuthorTerada, N., AuthorTerada, K., AuthorThiemann, D., AuthorTolson, R., AuthorToth, F., AuthorTrovato, I., AuthorVogt, M., AuthorWeber, T., AuthorWithers, P., AuthorXu, S., AuthorYelle, R., AuthorYiğit, E., AuthorZurek, R., Author more..

Affiliations:
1Department Planets and Comets, Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Max Planck Society, ou_1832288

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Free keywords: Mars Atmosphere Solar wind Mars atmosphere Mars climate Magnetospheres

MPIS_GROUPS: Planetary Atmospheres

Abstract: Observations of the Mars upper atmosphere made from the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft have been used to determine the loss rates of gas from the upper atmosphere to space for a complete Mars year (16 Nov 2014 – 3 Oct 2016). Loss rates for H and O are sufficient to remove ∼2–3 kg/s to space. By itself, this loss would be significant over the history of the planet. In addition, loss rates would have been greater early in history due to the enhanced solar EUV and more-active Sun. Integrated loss, based on current processes whose escape rates in the past are adjusted according to expected solar evolution, would have been as much as 0.8 bar CO2 or 23 m global equivalent layer of H2O; these losses are likely to be lower limits due to the nature of the extrapolation of loss rates to the earliest times. Combined with the lack of surface or subsurface reservoirs for CO2 that could hold remnants of an early, thick atmosphere, these results suggest that loss of gas to space has been the dominant process responsible for changing the climate of Mars from an early, warmer environment to the cold, dry one that we see today.

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Language(s): eng - English

Dates: Date issued: 2018

Publication Status: Issued

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Rev. Type: Peer

Identifiers: DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2018.05.030

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Title: Icarus

Source Genre: Journal

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Publ. Info: Amsterdam : Elsevier B.V.

Pages: - Volume / Issue: 315 Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 146 - 157 Identifier: ISSN: 0019-1035
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/954922645023