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Abstract:
Magnetic shape memory (MSM) refers to a change in shape and/or size of a magnetic material upon applying a magnetic field. There are 2 types of MSM effects; the first one occurs in a twinned magnetically ordered material, in which the crystallographic axes are irreversibly reoriented by the applied magnetic field. In the second type, the applied field drives a magnetoelastic phase transition. In certain iron tellurides Fe1+yTe, both types of MSM occur. Notably, the first antiferromagnetic compound found to display an MSM effect is a parent material to the well-studied high-Tc cuprate superconductor La2−xSrxCuO4. Observation of MSM effects in 2 known material families related to high-Tc superconductors points to a prominent role of electron–phonon coupling arising through the spin–orbit interactions.A detailed experimental investigation of Fe1+yTe (y = 0.11, 0.12) using pulsed magnetic fields up to 60 T confirms remarkable magnetic shape-memory (MSM) effects. These effects result from magnetoelastic transformation processes in the low-temperature antiferromagnetic state of these materials. The observation of modulated and finely twinned microstructure at the nanoscale through scanning tunneling microscopy establishes a behavior similar to that of thermoelastic martensite. We identified the observed, elegant hierarchical twinning pattern of monoclinic crystallographic domains as an ideal realization of crossing twin bands. The antiferromagnetism of the monoclinic ground state allows for a magnetic-field–induced reorientation of these twin variants by the motion of one type of twin boundaries. At sufficiently high magnetic fields, we observed a second isothermal transformation process with large hysteresis for different directions of applied field. This gives rise to a second MSM effect caused by a phase transition back to the field-polarized tetragonal lattice state.
