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Free keywords:
Chondrocranium, Evolution, Embryonic development, Cartilage function in the head, Invertebrate cartilage, Cartilage in chordates, Facial shape, Protection of central nervous system, Support of feeding apparatus, Face, Cartilage, Cranial evolution
Abstract:
Chrondrocranium, the cartilaginous skull, is one of the major innovations that underlie evolution of the vertebrate head. Control of the induction and shaping of the cartilage is a key for the formation of the facial bones and largely defines facial shape. The appearance of cartilage in the head enabled many new functions such as protection of central nervous system and sensory structures, support of the feeding apparatus and formation of muscle attachment points ensuring faster and coordinated jaw movements. Here we review the evolution of cartilage in the cranial region and discuss shaping of the chondrocranium in different groups of vertebrates.
