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  Scaling carbon fluxes from eddy covariance sites to globe: synthesis and evaluation of the FLUXCOM approach

Jung, M., Schwalm, C., Migliavacca, M., Walther, S., Camps-Valls, G., Koirala, S., et al. (2020). Scaling carbon fluxes from eddy covariance sites to globe: synthesis and evaluation of the FLUXCOM approach. Biogeosciences, 17(5), 1343-1365. doi:10.5194/bg-17-1343-2020.

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 Urheber:
Jung, Martin1, Autor           
Schwalm, Christopher, Autor
Migliavacca, Mirco2, Autor           
Walther, Sophia1, Autor           
Camps-Valls, Gustau, Autor
Koirala, Sujan3, Autor           
Anthoni, Peter, Autor
Besnard, Simon3, Autor           
Bodesheim, Paul4, Autor           
Carvalhais, Nuno3, Autor           
Chevallier, Frédéric, Autor
Gans, Fabian4, Autor           
Goll, Daniel S., Autor
Haverd, Vanessa, Autor
Koehler, Philipp, Autor
Ichii, Kazuhito, Autor
Jain, Atul K., Autor
Liu, Junzhi, Autor
Lombardozzi, Danica, Autor
Nabel, Julia E. M. S.5, Autor           
Nelson, Jacob A.1, 3, 6, Autor           O’Sullivan, Michael, AutorPallandt, Martijn6, 7, Autor           Papale, Dario, AutorPeters, Wouter, AutorPongratz, Julia, AutorRödenbeck, Christian8, Autor           Sitch, Stephen, AutorTramontana, Gianluca, AutorWalker, Anthony, AutorWeber, Ulrich9, Autor           Reichstein, Markus9, Autor            mehr..
Affiliations:
1Global Diagnostic Modelling, Dr. Martin Jung, Department Biogeochemical Integration, Dr. M. Reichstein, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Society, ou_1938311              
2Biosphere-Atmosphere Interactions and Experimentation, Dr. M. Migliavacca, Department Biogeochemical Integration, Dr. M. Reichstein, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Society, ou_1938307              
3Model-Data Integration, Dr. Nuno Carvalhais, Department Biogeochemical Integration, Dr. M. Reichstein, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Society, ou_1938310              
4Empirical Inference of the Earth System, Dr. Miguel D. Mahecha, Department Biogeochemical Integration, Dr. M. Reichstein, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Society, ou_1938312              
5External Organizations, ou_persistent22              
6IMPRS International Max Planck Research School for Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Society, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745 Jena, DE, ou_1497757              
7Department Biogeochemical Systems, Prof. M. Heimann, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Society, ou_1497755              
8Inverse Data-driven Estimation, Dr. C. Rödenbeck, Department Biogeochemical Systems, Prof. M. Heimann, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Society, ou_1497785              
9Department Biogeochemical Integration, Dr. M. Reichstein, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Society, ou_1688139              

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 Zusammenfassung: FLUXNET assembles globally-distributed eddy covariance-based estimates of carbon fluxes between the


biosphere and the atmosphere. Since eddy covariance flux towers have a relatively small footprint and are distributed


unevenly across the world, upscaling the observations is necessary in order to obtain global-scale estimates of biosphereatmosphere


exchange from the flux tower network. Based on cross-consistency checks with atmospheric inversions, sun50


induced fluorescence (SIF) and dynamic global vegetation models (DGVM), we provide here a systematic assessment of the


latest upscaling efforts for gross primary production (GPP) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of the FLUXCOM initiative,


where different machine learning methods, forcing datasets, and sets of predictor variables were employed.


Spatial patterns of mean GPP are consistent among FLUXCOM and DGVM ensembles (R2>0.94 at 1° spatial resolution)


while the majority of DGVMs are outside the FLUXCOM range for 70% of the land surface. Global mean GPP magnitudes


55 for 2008-2010 from FLUXCOM members vary within 106 and 130 PgC yr-1 with the largest uncertainty in the tropics.


Seasonal variations of independent SIF estimates agree better with FLUXCOM GPP (mean global pixel-wise R2 ~ 0.75) than


with GPP from DGVMs (mean global pixel wise R2 ~ 0.6). Seasonal variations of FLUXCOM NEE show good consistency


with atmospheric inversion-based net land carbon fluxes, particularly for temperate and boreal regions (R2>0.92).


Interannual variability of global NEE in FLUXCOM is underestimated compared to inversions and DGVMs. The


60 FLUXCOM version which uses also meteorological inputs shows a strong co-variation of interannual patterns with


inversions (R2=0.88 for 2001-2010). Mean regional NEE from FLUXCOM shows larger uptake than inversion and DGVMbased


estimates, particularly in the tropics with discrepancies of up to several hundred gC m2 yr-1. These discrepancies can


only partly be reconciled by carbon loss pathways that are implicit in inversions but not captured by the flux tower


measurements such as carbon emissions from fires and water bodies. We hypothesize that a combination of systematic biases


65 in the underlying eddy covariance data, in particular in tall tropical forests, and a lack of site-history effects on NEE in


FLUXCOM are likely responsible for the too strong tropical carbon sink estimated by FLUXCOM. Furthermore, as


FLUXCOM does not account for CO2 fertilization effects carbon flux trends are not realistic. Overall, current FLUXCOM


estimates of mean annual and seasonal cycles of GPP as well as seasonal NEE variations provide useful constraints of global


carbon cycling, while interannual variability patterns from FLUXCOM are valuable but require cautious interpretation.


70 Exploring the diversity of Earth Observation data and of machine learning concepts along with improved quality and


quantity of flux tower measurements will facilitate further improvements of the FLUXCOM approach overall

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 Datum: 2020-01-302020-03-162020-03
 Publikationsstatus: Erschienen
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 Ort, Verlag, Ausgabe: -
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 Identifikatoren: Anderer: BGC3137
DOI: 10.5194/bg-17-1343-2020
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Titel: Biogeosciences
  Andere : Biogeosciences
Genre der Quelle: Zeitschrift
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Affiliations:
Ort, Verlag, Ausgabe: Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany : Copernicus GmbH on behalf of the European Geosciences Union
Seiten: - Band / Heft: 17 (5) Artikelnummer: - Start- / Endseite: 1343 - 1365 Identifikator: ISSN: 1726-4170
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/111087929276006