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  Association of short-term change in leukocyte telomere length with cortical thickness change and outcomes of mental training among healthy adults: A randomized clinical trial

Puhlmann, L. M., Valk, S. L., Engert, V., Bernhardt, B. C., Lin, J., Epel, E. S., et al. (2019). Association of short-term change in leukocyte telomere length with cortical thickness change and outcomes of mental training among healthy adults: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Network Open, 2(9): e199687. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9687.

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 Urheber:
Puhlmann, Lara M.1, Autor           
Valk, Sofie L.2, 3, Autor
Engert, Veronika1, Autor           
Bernhardt, Boris C.4, Autor
Lin, Jue5, Autor
Epel, Elissa S.6, Autor
Vrticka, Pascal1, Autor           
Singer, Tania7, Autor           
Affiliations:
1Research Group Social Stress and Family Health, MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Max Planck Society, ou_3025667              
2Institute of Systems Neuroscience, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany, ou_persistent22              
3Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Center Jülich, Germany, ou_persistent22              
4Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada, ou_persistent22              
5Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA, ou_persistent22              
6Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA, ou_persistent22              
7Social Neuroscience Lab, Berlin, Germany, ou_persistent22              

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Schlagwörter: Telomere length; Cortical thickness; Aging; Mental training; Mindfulness
 Zusammenfassung: Importance: Telomere length is associated with the development of age-related diseases and structural differences in multiple brain regions. It remains unclear, however, whether change in telomere length is linked to brain structure change, and to what extent telomere length can be influenced through mental training.

Objectives: To assess the dynamic associations between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and cortical thickness (CT), and to determine whether LTL is affected by a longitudinal contemplative mental training intervention.

Design, Setting, and Participants: An open-label efficacy trial of three 3-month mental training modules with healthy, meditation-naive adults was conducted. Data on LTL and CT were collected 4 times over 9 months between April 22, 2013, and March 31, 2015, as part of the ReSource Project. Data analysis was performed between September 23, 2016, and June 21, 2019. Of 1582 eligible individuals, 943 declined to participate; 362 were randomly selected for participation and assigned to training or retest control cohorts, with demographic characteristics matched. The retest control cohorts underwent all testing but no training. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed.

Interventions: Training cohort participants completed 3 modules cultivating interoception and attention (Presence), compassion (Affect), or perspective taking (Perspective).

Main Outcomes and Measures: Change in LTL and CT.

Results: Of the 362 individuals randomized, 30 participants dropped out before study initiation (initial sample, 332). Data were available for analysis of the training intervention in 298 participants (n = 222 training; n = 76 retest control) (175 women [58.7%]; mean [SD] age, 40.5 [9.3] years). The training modules had no effect on LTL. In 699 observations from all 298 participants, mean estimated changes in the relative ratios of telomere repeat copy number to single-copy gene (T/S) were for no training, 0.004 (95% CI, −0.010 to 0.018); Presence, −0.007 (95% CI, −0.025 to 0.011); Affect, −0.005 (95% CI, −0.019 to 0.010); and Perspective, −0.001 (95% CI, −0.017 to 0.016). Cortical thickness change data were analyzed in 167 observations from 67 retest control participants (37 women [55.2%], mean [SD] age, 39.6 [9.0] years). In this retest control cohort subsample, naturally occurring LTL change was related to CT change in the left precuneus extending to the posterior cingulate cortex (mean t161 = 3.22; P < .001; r = 0.246). At the individual participant level, leukocyte telomere shortening as well as lengthening were observed. Leukocyte telomere shortening was related to cortical thinning (t77 = 2.38; P = .01; r = 0.262), and leukocyte telomere lengthening was related to cortical thickening (t77 = 2.42; P = .009; r = 0.266). All analyses controlled for age, sex, and body mass index.

Conclusions and Relevance: The findings of this trial indicate an association between short-term change in LTL and concomitant change in plasticity of the left precuneus extending to the posterior cingulate cortex. This result contributes to the evidence that LTL changes more dynamically on the individual level than previously thought. Further studies are needed to determine potential long-term implications of such change in relation to cellular aging and the development of neurodegenerative disorders. No effect of contemplative mental training was noted in what may be, to date, the longest intervention with healthy adults.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01833104

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Sprache(n): eng - English
 Datum: 2019-06-252019-09-25
 Publikationsstatus: Online veröffentlicht
 Seiten: -
 Ort, Verlag, Ausgabe: -
 Inhaltsverzeichnis: -
 Art der Begutachtung: Expertenbegutachtung
 Identifikatoren: DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9687
PMID: 31553468
 Art des Abschluß: -

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Projektname : Plasticity of the Empathic Brain: Structural and Functional MRI Studies on the Effect of Empathy Training on the Human Brain and Prosocial Behaviour / EMPATHICBRAIN
Grant ID : 205557
Förderprogramm : Funding Programme 7
Förderorganisation : European Commission (EC)
Projektname : -
Grant ID : -
Förderprogramm : -
Förderorganisation : Max Planck Society

Quelle 1

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Titel: JAMA Network Open
Genre der Quelle: Zeitschrift
 Urheber:
Affiliations:
Ort, Verlag, Ausgabe: Chicago, IL : American Medical Association
Seiten: - Band / Heft: 2 (9) Artikelnummer: e199687 Start- / Endseite: - Identifikator: ISSN: 2574-3805
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/2574-3805