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  Apparent thinning of human visual cortex during childhood is associated with myelination

Natu, V. S., Gomez, J., Barnett, M., Jeska, B., Kirilina, E., Jäger, C., et al. (2019). Apparent thinning of human visual cortex during childhood is associated with myelination. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(41), 20750-20759. doi:10.1073/pnas.1904931116.

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 Urheber:
Natu, Vaidehi S.1, 2, Autor
Gomez, Jesse3, Autor
Barnett, Michael4, Autor
Jeska, Brianna1, Autor
Kirilina, Evgeniya5, 6, Autor           
Jäger, Carsten5, Autor           
Zhen, Zonglei, Autor
Cox, Siobhan, Autor
Weiner, Kevin S.7, 8, Autor
Weiskopf, Nikolaus5, Autor           
Grill-Spector, Kalanit1, 3, 9, Autor
Affiliations:
1Department of Psychology, Stanford University, CA, USA, ou_persistent22              
2Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA, ou_persistent22              
3Neurosciences Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA, ou_persistent22              
4Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA, ou_persistent22              
5Department Neurophysics (Weiskopf), MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Max Planck Society, ou_2205649              
6Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin (CCNB), FU Berlin, Germany, ou_persistent22              
7Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, ou_persistent22              
8Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, ou_persistent22              
9Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, CA, USA, ou_persistent22              

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Schlagwörter: Development; Cortical thickness; Quantitative MRI; Diffusion MRI; Longitudinal
 Zusammenfassung: Human cortex appears to thin during childhood development. However, the underlying microstructural mechanisms are unknown. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), quantitative MRI (qMRI), and diffusion MRI (dMRI) in children and adults, we tested what quantitative changes occur to gray and white matter in ventral temporal cortex (VTC) from childhood to adulthood, and how these changes relate to cortical thinning. T1 relaxation time from qMRI and mean diffusivity (MD) from dMRI provide independent and complementary measurements of microstructural properties of gray and white matter tissue. In face- and character-selective regions in lateral VTC, T1 and MD decreased from age 5 to adulthood in mid and deep cortex, as well as in their adjacent white matter. T1 reduction also occurred longitudinally in children’s brain regions. T1 and MD decreases 1) were consistent with tissue growth related to myelination, which we verified with adult histological myelin stains, and 2) were correlated with apparent cortical thinning. In contrast, in place-selective cortex in medial VTC, we found no development of T1 or MD after age 5, and thickness was related to cortical morphology. These findings suggest that lateral VTC likely becomes more myelinated from childhood to adulthood, affecting the contrast of MR images and, in turn, the apparent gray–white boundary. These findings are important because they suggest that VTC does not thin during childhood but instead gets more myelinated. Our data have broad ramifications for understanding both typical and atypical brain development using advanced in vivo quantitative measurements and clinical conditions implicating myelin.

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Sprache(n): eng - English
 Datum: 2019-03-302019-08-272019-09-232019-10-08
 Publikationsstatus: Erschienen
 Seiten: -
 Ort, Verlag, Ausgabe: -
 Inhaltsverzeichnis: -
 Art der Begutachtung: Expertenbegutachtung
 Identifikatoren: DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1904931116
PMID: 31548375
Anderer: Epub 2019
 Art des Abschluß: -

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Projektname : -
Grant ID : 1R01EY022318 ; 1R01EY023915 ; 5T32EY020485
Förderprogramm : -
Förderorganisation : National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Projektname : -
Grant ID : F31EY027201
Förderprogramm : National Research Service Award
Förderorganisation : National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Projektname : Non-Invasive In-Vivo Histology in Health and Disease Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) / HMRI
Grant ID : 616905
Förderprogramm : Funding Programme 7
Förderorganisation : European Commission (EC)
Projektname : Entschlüsselung der pathophysiologischen Prozesse induziert durch eine Querschnittlähmung: Anwendung von MRT basierter in vivo und ex vivo Histologie / hMRIofSCI
Grant ID : 01EW1711A ; 01EW1711B
Förderprogramm : ERA-NET NEURON
Förderorganisation : German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)

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Titel: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
  Andere : Proc. Acad. Sci. USA
  Andere : Proc. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
  Andere : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA
  Kurztitel : PNAS
Genre der Quelle: Zeitschrift
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Affiliations:
Ort, Verlag, Ausgabe: Washington, D.C. : National Academy of Sciences
Seiten: - Band / Heft: 116 (41) Artikelnummer: - Start- / Endseite: 20750 - 20759 Identifikator: ISSN: 0027-8424
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/954925427230